Table 1 Thermophysical properties of base fluid and nanoparticles [ 33 ]
Physical properties | Base fluid | Cu | \(\mathbf{Al}_{\boldsymbol{2}}\mathbf{O}_{\boldsymbol{3}}\) | \(\mathbf{TiO}_{\boldsymbol{2}}\) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
\(C_{p}\) (J/kg K) | 4,179 | 385 | 765 | 686.2 |
ρ (kg/m3) | 997.1 | 8,933 | 3,970 | 4,250 |
k (W/mK) | 0.613 | 400 | 40 | 8.9538 |