Figure 1

Graphs of \(\pmb{G_{1}(v)}\) and \(\pmb{G_{2}(v)}\) . Figure 1 depicts that there exist parameters such that system (1.3) has a unique positive steady state. Here the parameter values of system (1.3) are chosen as \({r_{1}=0.6}\), \(r_{2}=0.3\), \(\alpha_{12}=0.1\), \(\alpha _{21}=0.3\), \(c_{1}=c_{2}=0.1\), \({d_{1}=d_{2}=0.01}\), \(\beta_{1}=0.01\). A direct calculation yields the unique positive steady state \((u_{\ast}, v_{\ast})=(10.2725, 59.7108)\).