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Dirichlet problems of harmonic functions
Boundary Value Problems volume 2013, Article number: 262 (2013)
Abstract
In this paper, a solution of the Dirichlet problem in the upper half-plane isconstructed by the generalized Dirichlet integral with a fast growing continuousboundary function.
MSC: 31B05, 31B10.
1 Introduction and results
Let R be the set of all real numbers, and let C denote the complexplane with points , where . The boundary and closure of an open set Ω aredenoted by ∂ Ω and respectively. The upper half-plane is the set, whose boundary is . Let denote the integer part of the positive real numberd.
Given a continuous function f in , we say that h is a solution of the(classical) Dirichlet problem in with f, if in and for every .
The classical Poisson kernel in is defined by
where and .
It is well known (see [1, 2]) that the Poisson kernel is harmonic for and has the expansion
which converges for . We define a modified Cauchy kernel of by
where m is a nonnegative integer.
To solve the Dirichlet problem in , as in [3], we use the following modified Poisson kernel defined by
We remark that the modified Poisson kernel is harmonic in .
Put
where is a continuous function in .
We say that u is of order λ if
If , then u is said to be of finite order. SeeHayman-Kennedy [[1], Definition 4.1].
In case , about the solution of the Dirichlet problem withcontinuous data in H, we refer readers to the following result, which isdue to Nevanlinna (see [4–6]).
Theorem A Let u be a nonnegative real-valued function harmonic inand continuous in. If
then there exists a nonnegative real constant d such that
for all.
Inspired by Theorem A, we consider the Dirichlet problem for harmonic functions ofinfinite order in . To do this, we define a nondecreasing andcontinuously differentiable function on the interval . We assume further that
Remark For any ϵ (), there exists a sufficiently large positive numberR such that , by (1.1) we have
Let be the set of continuous functions f on such that
where α is a positive real number.
Now we show the solution of the Dirichlet problem with continuous data in. For similar results in a cone, we refer readers tothe paper by Qiao (see [7, 8]). For similar results with respect to the Schrödinger operator in ahalf-space, we refer readers to the paper by Ren, Su and Yang (see [9–12]).
Theorem 1 If, then the integralis a solution of the Dirichlet problem inwith f.
The following result is obtained by putting in Theorem 1.
Corollary If f is a continuous function in satisfying
thenis a solution of the Dirichlet problem inwith f.
Theorem 2 Let u be a real-valued function harmonic inand continuous in. If, then we havefor all, whereis an entire function inand vanishes continuously in.
2 Proof of Theorem 1
By a simple calculation, we have the following inequality:
for any and satisfying , where M is a positive constant.
Take a number r satisfying , where R is a sufficiently large positivenumber. For any ϵ (), from Remark we have
which yields that there exists a positive constant dependent only on r such that
for any .
For any and , we have by (1.2), (2.1), (2.2), and Hölder’s inequality
Thus is finite for any . Since is a harmonic function of for any fixed , is also a harmonic function of.
Now we shall prove the boundary behavior of . For any fixed boundary point , we can choose a number T such that. Now we write
where
Note that is the Poisson integral of , where is the characteristic function of the interval. So it tends to as . Clearly, vanishes on . Further, , which tends to zero as . Thus the function can be continuously extended to such that for any . Theorem 1 is proved.
3 Proof of Theorem 2
Consider that the function , which is harmonic in , can be continuously extended to and vanishes in .
The Schwarz reflection principle [[4], p.68] applied to shows that there exists an entire harmonic function in satisfying such that for .
Thus for all , where is an entire function in and vanishes continuously in . Then we complete the proof of Theorem 2.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the referees for their helpful suggestions andnecessary corrections in the completion of this paper.
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Xu, G., Yang, P. & Zhao, T. Dirichlet problems of harmonic functions. Bound Value Probl 2013, 262 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-2770-2013-262
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-2770-2013-262