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Pullback attractors of 2D Navier-Stokes-Voigt equations with delay on a non-smooth domain
- Keqin Su1, 2Email author,
- Mingxia Zhao3 and
- Jie Cao1
Received: 11 November 2015
Accepted: 3 December 2015
Published: 30 December 2015
Abstract
Under suitable hypotheses on the continuous delay, distributed delay, and the initial data in this paper, the large-time behavior for the 2D Navier-Stokes-Voigt equations with continuous delay and distributed delay on the Lipschitz domain is studied. The existence of pullback attractors in the non-smooth domain was obtained via verifying some pullback dissipation and asymptotical compactness for the continuous process.
Keywords
- Navier-Stokes-Voigt equation
- continuous delay
- distributed delay
- pullback attractors
- Lipschitz domain
1 Introduction
The Navier-Stokes equations essentially constitute a description of hydrodynamical systems, and the well-posedness and large-time behavior of solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations have received very much attention in the understanding of fluid motion and turbulence. For the 2D case, Ladyzhenskaya [1] solved the uniqueness of the global smooth solutions. Based on the well-posedness of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations (NSE), the infinite dimensional dynamical systems also was investigated. Till now there are many interesting results (the existence of global attractor, uniform attractors, pullback attractors, the structure and dimensions of attractors), the 2D general case can be found in [2–7], and these results were studied in the regular domain. But the well-posedness of global solutions for the Navier-Stokes equations in the non-regular domain (such as the Lifchitz domain) is a difficult problem, and there are fewer corresponding results. For the 2D incompressible Navier-Stokes equation, Brown et al. [8] constructed a stream function which will be used later in our paper to solve the non-homogeneous boundary value problems and gave the existence, dimension of global attractor.
Very recently, using an approximation of the Navier-Stokes equation (such as the Navier-Stokes-Voigt equation (NSVE)) to study the existence of attractor of classical NSE has become a topic generally focused on. The Navier-Stokes-Voigt system is the classical Navier-Stokes system with strong damping which models the dynamics of a Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic incompressible fluid and was first introduced by Oskolkov [9] as a model of the motion of linear viscoelastic fluids. More results about the well-posedness, the existence of attractor and the infinite dimensional systems, we can see [10, 11]. Also we mention the large-time behavior for the NSV system with delay, especially with both the continuous delay and the distributed delay, which are similar to the memory in elastic system.
The Navier-Stokes equations with delay was studied recently. In 2002, Krasovskii [12] constructed the Navier-Stokes equations with delay and obtained the well-posedness. Barbu and Sritharan [13] established the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations with the forcing term containing delay in 2003. Taniguchi [14] established the existence of absorbing sets of the non-autonomous Navier-Stokes equations with continuous delay in 2005. Caraballo and Real [15–17] studied the Navier-Stokes system with continuous delay and distributed delay and obtained the existence of global and pullback attractors for autonomous and non-autonomous cases, respectively. Marín-Rubio and Real [18] investigated the Navier-Stokes equation with delay on some unbounded domain with the Poincaré inequality and obtained the pullback attractors. Garrido-Atienza and Marín-Rubio [19] also studied the Navier-Stokes equations with delay on an unbounded domain and proved some results on the existence and uniqueness of solutions. In 2014, García-Luengo et al. [20] studied the 2D Navier-Stokes system with the convective term and external force both containing delay and proved the existence of pullback attractors.
In this paper we consider the existence of pullback attractor of the 2D incompressible Navier-Stokes-Voigt equation with continuous delay and distributed delay on the Lipschitz domain, where \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{2}\) is a Lipschitz domain, \(\Omega _{\tau }=\Omega\times(\tau,+\infty)\), \(\partial\Omega_{\tau}=\partial \Omega \times(\tau,+\infty)\), \(\Omega_{\tau h}=\Omega\times(\tau-h,\tau)\), \(\tau\in\mathbb{R}\) is the initial time. ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid, u is the unknown velocity field of the fluid, p the pressure, and \(\alpha>0\) a length scale parameter characterizing the elasticity of the fluid, \(f(t-\rho(t),u(t-\rho(t)))\) the external force term which contains a memory effect during a fixed interval of time of length \(h>0\), and \(\rho(t)\) a given adequate delay function. Moreover, the inhomogeneous boundary function φ satisfies \(\varphi\in L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)\), \(\int _{-h}^{0}G(s,u(t+s))\,ds\) is another external force with some hereditary characteristic, and ϕ the initial state of delay in \((-h,0)\) where \(h>0\) is a constant.
$$\begin{aligned} \textstyle\begin{cases} \frac{du}{dt}-\nu\Delta u-\alpha^{2}\Delta u_{t}+(u\cdot\nabla)u+\nabla p\\ \quad =f(t-\rho(t),u(t-\rho (t)))+\int_{-h}^{0}G(s,u(t+s))\,ds,& (x,t)\in\Omega_{\tau },\\ \operatorname {div}u=0,& (x,t)\in\Omega_{\tau},\\ u(t,x)|_{\partial\Omega}=\varphi,\qquad \varphi\cdot n=0,& (x,t)\in \partial\Omega_{\tau},\\ u(\tau,x)=u_{\tau}(x),& x\in\Omega,\\ u(t,x)=\phi(t-\tau,x),& (x,t)\in\Omega_{\tau h}, \end{cases}\displaystyle \end{aligned}$$
(1.1)
Inspired by [8, 17], we shall use the background function for the Stokes problem and some pullback dissipation, and asymptotical compactness for the continuous process via the embedding theorem to achieve the pullback attractor. The main features of our present work are summarized as follows:
(1) There are many results as regards the existence of attractors of NS (NSV) equations with delay on the regular domain (such as [15–17]), many conclusions concerning the NS (NSV) equations without delay on the non-regular domain (such as the Lipschitz domain in [8]), but less work about the existence of attractors of NSV equations with continuous delay and distributed delay on the Lipschitz domain.
(2) Since our problem is studied on the Lipschitz domain (not the regular domain), we use Hardy’s inequality and smooth approximation functions to deal with the non-regular boundary. Defining some suitable topology spaces for the solutions and dealing with each delay term to get some a priori estimate on non-smooth domain for the pullback absorbing sets and asymptotical compactness, we conclude to the existence of a pullback attractor for (1.1).
The structure of this paper is the following. In Section 2, some preliminaries are given which will be used in sequel. The existence and uniqueness of solution for our problem are derived in Section 3. In Sections 4 and 5, the existence of pullback attractors for the problem (1.1) is derived in the appropriate topology space.
2 Preliminaries
Denote \(E:=\{u|u\in(C^{\infty}_{0}(\Omega))^{2}, \operatorname {div}u=0\}\), H is the closure of the set E in \((L^{2}(\Omega))^{2}\) topology, \(\vert \cdot \vert \) and \((\cdot,\cdot)\) represent the norm and inner product in H, respectively, i.e.,
V is the closure of the set E in \((H^{1}(\Omega))^{2}\) topology, and \(\Vert \cdot \Vert \) and \(((\cdot,\cdot))\) denote the norm and inner product in V, respectively, i.e.,
P is the Helmholtz-Leray orthogonal projection in \((L^{2}(\Omega))^{2}\) onto the space H, \(A:=-P\Delta\) is the Stokes operator, the sequence \(\{\omega_{j}\}^{\infty}_{j=1}\) is an orthonormal system of eigenfunctions of A, and \(\{\lambda_{j}\}^{\infty}_{j=1}\) (\(0<\lambda_{1}\leq\lambda_{2}\leq\cdots\)) is the eigenvalue of A corresponding to the eigenfunction \(\{\omega_{j}\}^{\infty}_{j=1}\). We can define the power \(A^{s}\) for \(s\in\mathbb{C}\) as follows:
\(D(A^{s})\) is the domain of \(A^{s}\), and we still denote the closure of E in \(D(A^{s})\) by \(D(A^{s})\). The norm of \(D(A^{\frac{s}{2}})\) is written as \(\Vert u\Vert _{s}\), and \(A^{s}\) has the following properties (see [8]):
where V is a Hilbert space, and \(\Vert v\Vert =\vert \nabla v\vert \). Clearly, \(V\hookrightarrow H\equiv H'\hookrightarrow V'\), \(H'\) and \(V'\) are dual spaces of H and V, respectively, where the injection is dense and continuous. The norm \(\Vert \cdot \Vert _{*}\) and \(\langle\cdot \rangle \) denote the norm in \(V'\) and the dual product between V and \(V'\), respectively.
$$\begin{aligned} \vert u\vert = \biggl( \int_{\Omega} \vert u\vert ^{2}\,dx \biggr)^{1/2}, \qquad (u,v)=\sum^{2}_{j=1} \int _{\Omega}u_{j}(x)v_{j}(x)\,dx,\quad \forall u, v\in \bigl(L^{2}(\Omega) \bigr)^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(2.1)
$$\begin{aligned} \Vert u\Vert = \biggl( \int_{\Omega} \vert \nabla u\vert ^{2}\,dx \biggr)^{1/2}, \qquad \bigl((u,v) \bigr)=\sum ^{2}_{i, j=1} \int_{\Omega}\frac{\partial u_{j}}{\partial x_{i}}\frac{\partial v_{j}}{\partial x_{i}}\,dx, \quad \forall u, v \in V. \end{aligned}$$
(2.2)
$$\begin{aligned}& A^{s}f=\sum_{j} \lambda_{j}^{s}a_{j} \omega_{j},\quad s\in\mathbb {C}, j\in\mathbb{R}, f=\sum_{j}a_{j} \omega_{j}, \end{aligned}$$
(2.3)
$$\begin{aligned}& D \bigl(A^{s} \bigr)= \bigl\{ f:A^{s}f\in H \bigr\} = \biggl\{ f=\sum_{j}a_{j} \omega_{j}: \sum_{j}\lambda _{j}^{\operatorname {Re}Z} \vert a_{j}\vert ^{2}< + \infty \biggr\} , \end{aligned}$$
(2.4)
$$\begin{aligned}& \int_{\Omega}\frac{\vert A^{\alpha}u \vert ^{2}}{\operatorname {dist}(x,\partial\Omega )}\,dx\leq C_{0} \int_{\Omega} \bigl\vert A^{\alpha+\frac{1}{4}}u \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx,\quad \forall u\in D \bigl(A^{\alpha+\frac{1}{4}} \bigr), \end{aligned}$$
(2.5)
$$\begin{aligned}& \Vert u\Vert _{L^{4}}\leq C_{1} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{1}{4}}u \bigr\vert , \quad \forall u\in D \bigl(A^{\frac {1}{4}} \bigr), \end{aligned}$$
(2.6)
The bilinear form operator and trilinear form operator are defined as follows (see [21]):
where \(B(u,v)\) is a linear continuous operator from V to \(V'\) which maps W into H, and \(b(u,v,w)\) satisfies and we introduce some useful inequalities, lemmas, and definitions.
$$\begin{aligned}& B(u,v):=P \bigl((u\cdot\nabla)v \bigr), \quad \forall u,v \in E, \end{aligned}$$
(2.7)
$$\begin{aligned}& b(u,v,w)= \bigl(B(u,v),w \bigr)=\sum^{2}_{i,j=1} \int_{\Omega}u_{i}\frac{\partial v_{j}}{\partial x_{i}} w_{j} \,dx, \end{aligned}$$
(2.8)
$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} b(u,v,v)= 0, &\forall u,v,w\in V,\\ b(u,v,w)= -b(u,w,v), &\forall u,v,w\in V,\\ \vert b(u,v,w)\vert \leq C\vert u\vert ^{\frac{1}{2}}\Vert u\Vert ^{\frac{1}{2}}\Vert v\Vert ^{\frac {1}{2}}\vert Av\vert ^{\frac{1}{2}}\vert w\vert , &\forall u\in V, v\in D(A), w\in H,\\ \vert b(u,v,u)\vert \leq C\vert u\vert ^{\frac{1}{2}}\vert Au\vert ^{\frac{1}{2}}\Vert v\Vert \vert w\vert , &\forall u\in D(A), v\in V, w\in H,\\ \vert b(u,v,w)\vert \leq C\vert u\vert \Vert v\Vert \vert w\vert ^{\frac{1}{2}}\vert Aw\vert ^{\frac{1}{2}}, &\forall u\in H, v\in V, w\in D(A),\\ \vert b(u,v,w)\vert \leq C\vert u\vert ^{\frac{1}{2}}\Vert u\Vert ^{\frac{1}{2}}\Vert v\Vert \vert w\vert ^{\frac{1}{2}}\Vert w\Vert ^{\frac {1}{2}}, &\forall u\in V, v\in D(A), w\in H, \end{cases} $$
(2.9)
Young’s inequality:
$$\begin{aligned} ab\leq \frac{\varepsilon}{p}a^{p}+\frac{1}{q\varepsilon^{\frac {1}{p-1}}}b^{q}, \quad q=\frac{p}{p-1}, 1< p< \infty, \forall a, b, \varepsilon> 0. \end{aligned}$$
(2.10)
The Poincaré inequality:
$$\begin{aligned} \vert u\vert \leq \lambda^{-\frac{1}{2}}_{1}\Vert u\Vert ,\quad \forall u\in V. \end{aligned}$$
(2.11)
The Gagliardo-Nirenberg interpolation inequality:
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\vert A^{1/2}u \bigr\vert ^{2}\leq C_{2} \bigl\vert A^{1/4}u \bigr\vert \bigl\vert A^{3/4}u \bigr\vert , \quad \forall u\in D \bigl(A^{3/4} \bigr). \end{aligned}$$
(2.12)
Hardy’s inequality:
$$\begin{aligned} \int_{\Omega}\frac{\vert u(x)\vert ^{2}}{[\operatorname {dist}(x,\partial\Omega)]^{2}}\,dx\leq C_{3} \int_{\Omega} \bigl\vert \nabla u(x) \bigr\vert ^{2} \,dx,\quad \forall u \in V. \end{aligned}$$
(2.13)
Definition 2.1
Let X and Y be Banach spaces, \(X\subset Y\), we say that X is compactly embedded in Y, written as provided
$$X \hookrightarrow\hookrightarrow Y, $$
- (i)
\(\Vert x\Vert _{Y}\leq C\Vert x\Vert _{X}\) (\(x\in X\)) for some constant C;
- (ii)
each bounded sequence in X is precompact in Y.
Lemma 2.1
Let \(X=H, V\textit{ or }V'\), then \(\Vert Pu\Vert _{X}\leq \Vert u\Vert _{X}\), and \(Pu\rightarrow u\) in X.
Lemma 2.2
Let \(X\subset\subset H\subset Y\) be Banach spaces, and X is reflective. If \(u_{n}\) is a uniformly bounded sequence in \(L^{2}(\tau ,T;Y)\), and there exists \(p>1\) such that \(\frac{dv_{n}}{dt}\) is uniformly bounded in \(L^{p}(\tau,T;Y)\), then \(u_{n}\) has a strong convergence subsequence in \(L^{2}(\tau,T;H)\).
Lemma 2.3
(The Gronwall inequality)
Let
g, h, and
y
all be locally integrable functions in
\((t_{0},+\infty)\)
satisfying
and
\(\frac{dy}{dt}\)
is locally integrable, then we have
$$\frac{dy}{dt}\leq gy+h, \quad \forall t\geq t_{0}, $$
$$y(t)\leq y(t_{0})e^{\int_{t_{0}}^{t}g(\tau)\,d\tau }+ \int _{t_{0}}^{t}h(s)e^{-\int_{t_{0}}^{t}g(\tau)\,d\tau}\,ds, \quad \forall t \geq t_{0} . $$
Proof
See, e.g., [21]. □
Lemma 2.4
(The generalized Arzelà-Ascoli theorem)
Let \(\{ f_{r}(\theta): \gamma\in\Gamma\}\subset C=C([-r,0]; X)\) is equicontinuous, and for all \(\theta\in[-r,0]\), \(\{f_{r}(\theta): \gamma\in\Gamma\}\) is relatively compact in \(C([-r,0];X)\).
Proof
See, e.g., [22]. □
Definition 2.2
Let X be a metric space, the set class \(\{U(t,\tau)\}\)
\((-\infty<\tau\leq t<+\infty): X\rightarrow X\) is called a processes in X, if
- (i)
\(U(\tau,\tau)x=x\), \(\tau\in R\), \(\forall x\in X\);
- (ii)
\(U(t,\tau)=U(t,s)U(s,\tau)\), \(\forall \tau\leq s\leq t\), \(\tau\in R\).
Let \({\mathcal{P}}(X)\) denote all the family of nonempty subsets of X, and \({\mathcal{D}}\) the class of all families \(\hat{D}=\{D(t)|t\in R\}\subset{\mathcal{P}}(X)\).
Definition 2.3
The processes class \(\{U(\cdot,\cdot)\}\) is said to be pullback \({\mathcal{D}}\)-asymptotically compact if for any \(t\in R\), \(\hat{D}\in{\mathcal{D}}\) and \(\tau_{n}\rightarrow-\infty\), \(x_{n}\in D(\tau_{n})\), the sequence \(\{U(t,\tau_{n})x_{n}\}\) possesses a convergent subsequence.
Definition 2.4
A family \(B=\{B(t)|t\in R\}\in{\mathcal{P}}(X)\) is said to be pullback \({\mathcal{D}}\)-absorbing if for each \(t\in R\) and \(\hat{D}\in {\mathcal{D}}\), there exists \(\tau_{0}(t,\hat{D})\leq t\) such that
$$U(t,\tau)D(\tau)\subset B(t), \quad \forall \tau\leq \tau_{0}(t, \hat{D}). $$
Definition 2.5
A family \(\hat{A}=\{A(t)|t\in R\}\in{\mathcal{P}}(X)\) is said to be a global pullback \({\mathcal{D}}\)-attractor with respect to the processes \(\{U(\cdot,\cdot)\}\), if
- (i)
\(A(t)\) is compact for any \(t\in R\);
- (ii)Â is pullback \({\mathcal{D}}\)-attracting, i.e.,where \(\operatorname {dist}(C_{1},C_{2})\) denotes the Hausdorff semi-distance between \(C_{1}\) and \(C_{2}\) defined as \(\operatorname {dist}(C_{1},C_{2})={\sup_{x\in C_{1}}\inf_{y\in C_{2}}}d(x,y)\) for \(C_{1}, C_{2}\subset X\);$$\forall \hat{D}\in{\mathcal{D}}, t\in R,\quad \lim_{\tau\rightarrow-\infty} \operatorname {dist}\bigl(U(t,\tau)D(\tau ),A(t) \bigr)=0, $$
- (iii)
 is invariant, i.e., for all \(-\infty<\tau \leq t<+\infty\), we have \(U(t,\tau)A(\tau)=A(t)\).
Definition 2.6
We claim that \(A(t)=\overline{{\bigcup_{\hat{D}\in {\mathcal{D}}}}\Lambda(\hat{D},t)}\), \(t\in R\), where \(\Lambda(\hat{D},t)\) is defined as
$$\begin{aligned} \Lambda(\hat{D},t)=\bigcap_{s\leq t} \biggl(\overline{{ \bigcup_{\tau\leq s}}U(t,\tau)D(\tau)} \biggr),\quad \forall \hat{D}\in{\mathcal{D}}. \end{aligned}$$
Theorem 2.1
Let the process \(\{U(t,\tau)\}\) be continuous and pullback \({\mathcal{D}}\)-asymptotically compact, and let there exist \(\hat{B}\in{\mathcal{D}}\) which is pullback \({\mathcal{D}}\)-absorbing with respect to \(\{U(t,\tau)\}\). Then the family \(\hat{A}=\{A(t)|t\in R\}\subset{\mathcal{P}}(X)\), \(A(t)=\Lambda(\hat{B},t)\), \(t\in R\) is a global pullback \({\mathcal {D}}\)-attractor which is minimal in the sense that if \(\hat{C}=\{ C(t)|t\in R\}\subset{\mathcal{P}}(X)\) is closed and \({\lim_{\tau\rightarrow-\infty}} \operatorname {dist}(U(t,\tau)B(\tau),C(t))=0\), then \(A(t)\subset C(t)\).
Proof
See, e.g., [23]. □
3 Existence of solutions, uniqueness, and continuity results
3.1 Stream function
First we introduce a stream function ψ which solves the Stokes system (see [8]) and ψ satisfies
It follows that
$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} -\triangle u+\nabla q= 0, & \mbox{in } \Omega,\\ \operatorname {div}u=0, &\mbox{in }\Omega,\\ u=\varphi &\mbox{a.e. on }\partial\Omega \mbox{ in the sense of nontangential convergence}, \end{cases} $$
(3.1)
$$\begin{aligned}& \sup_{x\in\Omega} \bigl\vert \psi(x) \bigr\vert + \sup_{x\in\Omega } \bigl\vert \nabla \psi(x) \bigr\vert \operatorname {dist}(x, \partial \Omega)\leq C_{4}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty }(\partial \Omega)}, \end{aligned}$$
(3.2)
$$\begin{aligned}& \bigl\Vert \vert \nabla\psi \vert \operatorname {dist}(\cdot,\partial \Omega)^{1-\frac{1}{p}} \bigr\Vert _{L^{p}(\Omega)}\leq C_{5}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{p}(\partial\Omega)},\quad 2\leq p\leq\infty. \end{aligned}$$
(3.3)
$$\begin{aligned} &\Vert \psi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\Omega)}\leq C_{4}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty }(\partial\Omega)}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.4)
Let \(\varepsilon\in(0,c\cdot \operatorname {diam}(\Omega))\) be a constant to be determined later, and \(\eta_{\varepsilon}\in C_{0}^{\infty}(\mathbb {R}^{2})\) such that and where \(\eta_{\varepsilon}\) is in the form \(h(\frac{\rho (x)}{\varepsilon })\), h is a standard bump function, and \(\rho\in C^{\infty}\) is a regularized distance bump function to ∂Ω.
$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} \eta_{\varepsilon}= 1, &\mbox{in } \{x\in R^{2}\vert \operatorname {dist}(x,\partial \Omega )\leq C'_{1}\varepsilon\},\\ \eta_{\varepsilon}= 0, &\mbox{in } \{x\in R^{2}\vert \operatorname {dist}(x,\partial \Omega )\geq C'_{2}\varepsilon\},\\ 0\leq\eta_{\varepsilon}\leq1, & \mbox{otherwise}, \end{cases} $$
(3.5)
$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl\vert \nabla^{\alpha}\eta_{\varepsilon} \bigr\vert \leq C'_{\alpha }/\varepsilon^{\vert \alpha \vert }, \end{aligned}$$
(3.6)
We also know
and
$$\begin{aligned}& \operatorname {div}\psi=0,\qquad x\in\Omega;\qquad \psi=u,\qquad x\in \bigl\{ x \in \Omega ; \operatorname {dist}(x,\partial \Omega)< C'_{1}\varepsilon \bigr\} , \end{aligned}$$
(3.7)
$$\begin{aligned}& \psi=\varphi, \quad \mbox{on }\partial\Omega \mbox{ in the sense of nontangential convergence}, \end{aligned}$$
(3.8)
$$\begin{aligned} &\operatorname {Supp}\psi\subset \bigl\{ x\in\bar{\Omega}; \operatorname {dist}(x,\partial \Omega)< C'_{2} \varepsilon \bigr\} . \end{aligned}$$
(3.9)
Lemma 3.1
Assume
ψ
satisfies (3.7)-(3.9), then we have
where
$$\begin{aligned} &\Delta\psi=\nabla(q\eta_{\varepsilon})+F, \end{aligned}$$
(3.10)
$$\begin{aligned}& \Vert F\Vert _{L^{2}(\Omega)}\leq C/\varepsilon^{\frac {3}{2}} \Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{2}(\partial\Omega)}, \qquad \nabla q=\triangle u, \end{aligned}$$
(3.11)
$$\begin{aligned}& F=0,\quad \textit{if }x\in \bigl\{ x|\operatorname {dist}(x,\partial\Omega)< C'_{1} \varepsilon\textit{ or }\operatorname {dist}(x,\partial\Omega)> C'_{2}\varepsilon \bigr\} . \end{aligned}$$
(3.12)
3.2 Assumptions and abstract equation
For any \(t\in(\tau,T)\), we define \(u:(\tau-h,T)\rightarrow (L^{2}(\Omega))^{2}\), and \(u_{t}\) is a function defined on \((-h,0)\) satisfying \(u_{t}=u(t+s)\), \(s\in(-h,0)\). Let be three Banach spaces with the norms respectively, and
$$C_{H}= C^{0} \bigl([-h,0];H \bigr), \qquad C_{D(A^{3/4})}=C^{0} \bigl([-h,0];D \bigl(A^{3/4} \bigr) \bigr), \qquad C_{V}=C^{0} \bigl([-h,0];V \bigr) $$
$$\begin{aligned}& \Vert u\Vert _{C_{H}}= \sup_{\theta\in[-h,0]} \bigl\vert u(t+\theta) \bigr\vert , \qquad \Vert u\Vert _{C_{V}}= \sup _{\theta\in[-h,0]} \bigl\Vert u(t+\theta) \bigr\Vert , \\& \Vert u\Vert _{C_{D(A^{3/4})}}= \sup_{\theta\in[-h,0]} \bigl\Vert u(t+\theta) \bigr\Vert _{3/4}, \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned}& L_{H}^{2}=L^{2}(-h,0;H),\qquad L_{V}^{2}=L^{2}(-h,0;V), \\& L_{H}^{\infty }=L^{\infty}(-h,0;H),\qquad L_{V}^{\infty}=L^{\infty}(-h,0;V). \end{aligned}$$
The problem (1.1) can be written as the abstract form where \(f_{\rho}(u)=f(t-\rho(t),u(t-\rho(t)))\), \(g(t,u_{t})=\int _{-h}^{0}G(t,s,u(t+s))\,ds\), and it satisfies
$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} \frac{du}{dt}+\nu Au+\alpha^{2} Au_{t}+B(u)=f_{\rho}(u)+g(t,u_{t}), \\ u(\tau)=u_{\tau},\qquad u(t)=\phi(t-\tau),\quad t \in(\tau-h,\tau), \end{cases} $$
(3.13)
- (a)
\(\forall \xi\in C_{H}\), \(t\in\mathbb{R}\mapsto g(t,\xi) \in(L^{2}(\Omega))^{2} \) is measurable and \(g(t,0)=0\), \(\forall t\in\mathbb{R}\);
- (b)there exists \(L_{g}>0\) such that for all \(t\in\mathbb{R}\), \(\xi ,\eta \in C_{H}\),$$\bigl\vert g(t,\xi)-g(t,\eta) \bigr\vert \leq L_{g}\Vert \xi- \eta \Vert _{C_{H}}; $$
- (c)\(\exists m_{0}\geq0\), \(C_{g}>0: \forall m\in[0,m_{0}]\), \(\tau\leq t\), \(u,v\in C^{0}([\tau-h,t];H)\),$$\int_{\tau}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert g(s,u_{s})-g(s,v_{s}) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds\leq C_{g}^{2} \int_{\tau -h}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert u(s)-v(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds; $$
- (d)
\(\rho: [0,\infty)\rightarrow[0,h]\), \(\vert \frac{d\rho}{dt} \vert \leq M <1\);
- (e)\(f(t,u)\) satisfies the Lipschitz condition with respect to u: \(\exists L(\beta)>0\) such that$$\bigl\vert f(t,u)-f(t,v) \bigr\vert \leq L(\beta)\vert u-v\vert ; $$
- (f)
\(\exists a>0, b>0\) such that \(\vert f(t,u)\vert ^{2}\leq a\vert u\vert ^{2}+b\);
- (g)
\(\nu>\frac{3C_{g}}{\lambda_{1}}\);
- (h)under the conditions (a)-(g), \(\exists K_{1}>0\), and let$$\nu>\frac{6C_{1}^{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}K_{1}^{2}+\frac{6C_{2}^{2}C_{4}^{2}}{\nu \lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)}^{2}+\frac{6C_{2}^{2}C_{3}C_{4}^{2}}{\nu \lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)}^{2}+\frac {2C_{2}C_{g}}{3\nu \lambda_{1}}+\frac{2C_{g}}{\lambda_{1}^{\frac{3}{2}}}. $$
Let \(v=u-\psi\), (1.1) can be reduced to the following system: where \(\bar{f}=f_{\rho}(v+\psi)+\nu F\), \(g(t,v_{t}+\psi)=\int _{-h}^{0}G(s,v(t+s)+\psi)\,ds\), \(\phi\in L^{2}_{V}\cap L^{\infty}_{H}\).
$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} \frac{\partial v}{\partial t}-\nu\Delta v-\alpha^{2}\Delta v_{t}+(v \cdot\nabla)v+(v \cdot\nabla)\psi\\ \qquad {}+(\psi\cdot\nabla)v +\nabla(p-\nu q\eta_{\varepsilon})\\ \quad = \bar{f}-(\psi\cdot\nabla)\psi+g(t,v_{t}+\psi), &(x,t)\in\Omega _{\tau },\\ \operatorname {div}v=0, &(x,t)\in\Omega_{\tau},\\ v=0, &(x,t)\in\partial\Omega_{\tau},\\ v(\tau,x)=v_{\tau}(x), &x\in\Omega,\\ v(t,x)=\phi(t-\tau,x)-\psi(x)=\eta(t-\tau,x), &(x,t)\in\Omega _{\tau h}, \end{cases} $$
(3.14)
Let \(v_{0}\in H\), \(\eta\in L_{H}^{2}\), we consider the equivalent abstract system of (3.14) where \(R(v)=B(v,\psi)+B(\psi,v)\), which is also a linear continuous operator from V into \(V'\) and maps W into H (see [21]).
$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} \frac{dv}{dt}+\nu Av+\alpha^{2}Av_{t}+B(v)+R(v)=P\bar{f}-B(\psi)+g(t,v_{t}+\psi), \\ v(\tau)=v_{\tau},\\ v(t)=\eta(t-\tau), \end{cases} $$
(3.15)
Definition 3.1
Let \(u_{\tau},f\in H\), \(\varphi\in L^{\infty }(\partial \Omega)\) and \(\varphi\cdot n=0\) on ∂Ω, u is called a weak solution of the problem (1.1) provided
- (i)
\(u\in C([\tau-h,T];V)\), \(u(\cdot,\tau)=u_{\tau}\), and \(du/dt\in L^{2}([\tau,T];V')\);
- (ii)\(\forall v\in C^{\infty}_{0}(\Omega)\) with \(\operatorname {div}v=0\), we get$$\begin{aligned} &\frac{d}{dt}\langle u,v\rangle-\nu\langle u,\Delta v\rangle - \alpha^{2} \frac {d}{dt}\langle u,\Delta v\rangle - \int_{\Omega}\sum^{2}_{i,j=1}u^{i}u^{j} \frac {\partial v^{i}}{x_{j}}\,dx \\ &\quad =\langle f,v\rangle +\biggl\langle \int _{-h}^{0}G \bigl(s,u(t+s) \bigr)\,ds,v\biggr\rangle ; \end{aligned} $$
- (iii)\(\exists \psi\in C^{2}(\Omega)\cap L^{\infty}(\Omega)\), \(q\in C^{1}(\Omega)\) and \(g\in L^{2}(\Omega)\) such thatwhere we assume that ψ obtain its boundary values in sense of non-tangential convergence and \(u-\psi\in L^{2}([\tau,T];V)\).$$\textstyle\begin{cases} \triangle\psi=\nabla q+g, &\mbox{in }\Omega,\\ \operatorname {div}\psi=0, &\mbox{in } \Omega,\\ \psi=\varphi &\mbox{on }\partial\Omega, \end{cases} $$
3.3 Existence of solutions and uniqueness
We shall give the main result in this section.
Theorem 3.1
Let
\(v_{\tau}\in V\), \(\eta\in L_{H}^{2}\), and the assumptions (a)-(h) hold, then there exists a unique global weak solution of (3.15) which satisfies
and
\(\frac{dv}{dt}\)
is uniformly bounded in
\(L^{2}(\tau,T;V')\).
$$v(t)\in L^{\infty}(\tau,T;V)\cap L^{2}(\tau,T;V), $$
Proof
We first use the standard Faedo-Galerkin method to establish the existence of a solution to (3.15).
Fix \(n\geq1\), we define an approximate solution \(v_{n}\) to (3.15) as \(v_{n}(t)={\sum_{j=0}^{n}}a_{nj}(t)w_{j}\), which satisfies
$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} \frac{dv_{n}}{dt}+\nu Av_{n}+\alpha^{2}Av_{nt}+B(v_{n})+R(v_{n})=P_{n}\bar{f}-B(\psi )+g(t,v_{nt}+\psi) ,\\ v_{n}(\tau)=v_{n\tau},\\ v_{n}(t)=\eta_{n}(t-\tau),\quad t \in(\tau-h,\tau). \end{cases} $$
(3.16)
We also denote \(f_{n}=f(t,v_{n}(t)+\psi)\), \(f_{n\rho}=f(t-\rho (t),v_{n}(t-\rho (t))+\psi)\), and \(g_{n}=g(t,v_{n}(t)+\psi)\).
Multiplying (3.16) by \(v_{n}\), we have and
$$\begin{aligned} & \biggl(\frac{dv_{n}}{dt},v_{n} \biggr)+\nu(Av_{n},v_{n})+ \alpha ^{2}(Av_{nt},v_{n})+ \bigl(B(v_{n}),v_{n} \bigr)+ \bigl(R(v_{n}),v_{n} \bigr) \\ &\quad =\langle P_{n}\bar{f},v_{n}\rangle- \bigl(B(\psi ),v_{n} \bigr)+\langle g_{n},v_{n}\rangle \end{aligned}$$
(3.17)
$$ \begin{aligned}[b] \frac{1}{2}\frac{d}{dt} \bigl(\vert v_{n}\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2} \bigr)+\nu \Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2}\leq{}& \bigl\vert b(v_{n},v_{n},v_{n}) \bigr\vert + \bigl\vert b(\psi ,v_{n},v_{n}) \bigr\vert + \bigl\vert b(v_{n},\psi,v_{n}) \bigr\vert \\ &{}+ \bigl\vert \langle P_{n}\bar{f},v_{n}\rangle \bigr\vert + \bigl\vert \bigl(B(\psi ),v_{n} \bigr) \bigr\vert + \bigl\vert \langle g_{n},v_{n}\rangle \bigr\vert . \end{aligned} $$
(3.18)
We estimate each term on the right side of (3.18) in the following.
Using Hardy’s inequality, we obtain and choose suitable ε such that
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\vert b \bigl((v_{n}),\psi,v_{n} \bigr) \bigr\vert \leq& \int_{\Omega} \vert v_{n}\vert \vert \nabla\psi \vert \vert v_{n}\vert \,dx \\ \leq&C_{4}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)} \int _{\operatorname {dist}(x,\partial \Omega)\leq C'_{2}\varepsilon}\frac{\vert v_{n}\vert ^{2}}{\operatorname {dist}(x,\partial \Omega )}\,dx \\ \leq&C'_{2}C_{4}\varepsilon \Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega )} \int _{\Omega}\frac{\vert v_{n}\vert ^{2}}{[\operatorname {dist}(x,\partial\Omega )]^{2}}\,dx \\ \leq&C'_{2}C_{3}C_{4}\varepsilon \Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega )}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2}, \end{aligned}$$
(3.19)
$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl\vert b \bigl((v_{n}),\psi,v_{n} \bigr) \bigr\vert \leq\frac{\nu}{6}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.20)
By the Young inequality, the Hölder inequality, Hardy’s inequality, the Cauchy inequality, and the property of the trilinear operator, we derive
$$\begin{aligned}& \begin{aligned}[b] \bigl\vert \langle P_{n}\bar{f},v_{n}\rangle \bigr\vert \leq{}&\bigl\vert \langle \bar{f},v_{n}\rangle \bigr\vert \leq\bigl\vert \langle f_{n\rho },v_{n}\rangle \bigr\vert + \nu \bigl\vert \langle F,v_{n}\rangle \bigr\vert \\ \leq{}&\vert f_{n\rho} \vert \vert v_{n}\vert + \frac{C\nu}{\varepsilon^{\frac{3}{2}}}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{2}(\partial\Omega)}\Vert v_{n} \Vert \\ \leq{}&\frac{\nu}{6}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2}+ \frac{3}{2\nu\lambda_{1}}\vert f_{n\rho }\vert ^{2}+ \frac{C\nu}{\varepsilon^{\frac{3}{2}}}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{2}(\partial \Omega)}\Vert v_{n} \Vert \\ \leq{}&\frac{\nu}{6}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2}+ \frac{3}{2\nu\lambda _{1}} \bigl(a \bigl\vert v_{n} \bigl(t-\rho (t) \bigr)+ \psi \bigr\vert ^{2}+b \bigr)+\frac{C\nu}{\varepsilon^{\frac{3}{2}}}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{2}(\partial\Omega)}\Vert v_{n}\Vert \\ \leq{}&\frac{\nu}{6}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2}+ \frac{3a}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \bigl\vert v_{n} \bigl(t-\rho (t) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac{3a}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\vert \psi \vert ^{2}+ \frac{3b}{2\nu\lambda _{1}} \\ &{}+\frac{C\nu}{\varepsilon^{\frac{3}{2}}}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{2}(\partial \Omega)}\Vert v_{n}\Vert \\ \leq{}&\frac{\nu}{6}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2}+ \frac{3a}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \bigl\vert v_{n} \bigl(t-\rho (t) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac{3aC_{4}^{2}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty }(\partial \Omega)}^{2}+ \frac{3b}{2\nu\lambda_{1}} \\ &{}+\frac{C\nu}{\varepsilon^{\frac{3}{2}}}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{2}(\partial \Omega)}\Vert v_{n}\Vert , \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$
(3.21)
$$\begin{aligned}& \bigl\vert b(\psi,\psi,v_{n}) \bigr\vert \leq \int_{\Omega} \vert \psi \vert \vert \nabla\psi \vert \vert v_{n}\vert \,dx\leq C_{4}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)} \int_{\Omega}\frac {\vert v_{n}\vert }{\operatorname {dist}(x,\partial\Omega)}\vert \psi \vert \,dx \\& \hphantom{\bigl\vert b(\psi,\psi,v_{n}) \bigr\vert }\leq C_{4}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)} \biggl\{ \int_{\Omega }\frac {\vert v_{n}\vert ^{2}}{[\operatorname {dist}(x,\partial\Omega)]^{2}}\,dx \biggr\} ^{1/2} \biggl\{ \int _{\operatorname {dist}(x,\partial\Omega)\leq C'_{2}\varepsilon} \vert \psi \vert ^{2}\,dx \biggr\} ^{1/2} \\& \hphantom{\bigl\vert b(\psi,\psi,v_{n}) \bigr\vert }\leq C\varepsilon \Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega )}\vert \partial \Omega \vert ^{1/2}\Vert v_{n}\Vert \sqrt{ \varepsilon}, \end{aligned}$$
(3.22)
$$\begin{aligned}& \begin{aligned}[b] \bigl\vert \langle g_{n},v_{n}\rangle \bigr\vert & \leq \vert g_{n}\vert \vert v_{n}\vert \\ & \leq \frac {\vert g_{n}\vert ^{2}}{2C_{g}}+ \frac{C_{g}}{2} \vert v_{n}\vert ^{2} \\ &\leq \frac{\vert g_{n}\vert ^{2}}{2C_{g}}+\frac{C_{g}\lambda^{-1}_{1}}{2}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2}. \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$
(3.23)
Combining (3.19)-(3.23), we conclude
i.e., where
$$\begin{aligned} &\frac{1}{2}\frac{d}{dt} \bigl(\vert v_{n}\vert ^{2}+\alpha ^{2}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2} \bigr)+\nu \Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2} \\ &\quad \leq\frac{\nu}{3}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2}+ \frac{3a}{\nu\lambda _{1}} \bigl\vert v_{n} \bigl(t-\rho (t) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac{3aC_{4}^{2}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty }(\partial \Omega)}^{2}+ \frac{3b}{2\nu\lambda_{1}}+\frac{\vert g_{n}\vert ^{2}}{2C_{g}}+ \frac {C_{g}}{2\lambda_{1}}\Vert v_{n} \Vert ^{2} \\ &\qquad {}+ \biggl(\frac{C\nu}{\varepsilon^{\frac{3}{2}}}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{2}(\partial\Omega)}+C \varepsilon^{3/2}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty }(\partial\Omega)} \vert \partial\Omega \vert ^{1/2} \biggr)\Vert v_{n} \Vert \\ &\quad \leq\frac{\nu}{3}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2}+ \frac{3a}{\nu\lambda _{1}} \bigl\vert v_{n} \bigl(t-\rho (t) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac{3aC_{4}^{2}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty }(\partial \Omega)}^{2}+ \frac{3b}{2\nu\lambda_{1}}+\frac{\vert g_{n}\vert ^{2}}{2C_{g}}+ \frac {C_{g}}{2\lambda_{1}}\Vert v_{n} \Vert ^{2} \\ &\qquad {}+\frac{\nu}{6}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2}+ \frac{3}{2\nu} \biggl(\frac{C\nu }{\varepsilon ^{\frac{3}{2}}}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{2}(\partial\Omega)}+C\varepsilon ^{3/2}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)}\vert \partial\Omega \vert ^{1/2} \biggr)^{2}, \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} &\frac{d}{dt} \bigl(\vert v_{n}\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2} \bigr) \\ &\quad \leq \frac {6a}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \bigl\vert v_{n} \bigl(t-\rho(t) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac {1}{C_{g}}\vert g_{n}\vert ^{2}+K^{2}_{0}- \biggl(\nu-\frac{C_{g}}{\lambda_{1}} \biggr)\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2}, \end{aligned}$$
(3.24)
$$K^{2}_{0}=\frac{6aC_{4}^{2}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty }(\partial \Omega)}^{2}+\frac{3b}{\nu\lambda_{1}}+\frac{3}{\nu} \biggl( \frac{C\nu }{\varepsilon^{\frac{3}{2}}}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{2}(\partial\Omega )}+C\varepsilon^{3/2} \Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega )}\vert \partial\Omega \vert ^{1/2} \biggr)^{2}. $$
Choosing suitable \(m>0 \) such that \(\nu>\frac{3C_{g}}{\lambda _{1}}+\frac {m}{\lambda_{1}}+m\alpha^{2}+\frac{6ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda^{2}_{1}(1-M)}\), we have
$$\begin{aligned} &\frac{d}{dt} \bigl[e^{mt} \bigl(\vert v_{n} \vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2} \bigr) \bigr] \\ &\quad =me^{mt} \bigl(\vert v_{n}\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2} \bigr)+e^{mt}\frac {d}{dt} \bigl(\vert v_{n}\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2} \bigr) \\ &\quad \leq me^{mt} \bigl(\vert v_{n}\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2} \bigr)+e^{mt}\frac{6a}{\nu \lambda_{1}} \bigl\vert v_{n} \bigl(t- \rho(t) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac {1}{C_{g}}\vert g_{n}\vert ^{2}+K^{2}_{0} \\ &\qquad {}- \biggl(\nu-\frac{C_{g}}{\lambda_{1}}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2} \biggr) \\ &\quad \leq\frac{6ae^{mt}}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \bigl\vert v_{n} \bigl(t-\rho(t) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac {e^{mt}}{C_{g}}\vert g_{n}\vert ^{2}+K^{2}_{0}e^{mt} \\ &\qquad {}-e^{mt} \biggl(\nu-\frac{C_{g}}{\lambda _{1}}-\frac{m}{\lambda_{1}}-m\alpha^{2} \biggr) \Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.25)
Integrating (3.25) over \([\tau,t]\), we derive which implies
$$\begin{aligned} & e^{mt} \bigl(\vert v_{n}\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2} \bigr)-e^{m\tau} \bigl( \bigl\vert v_{n}(\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2} \bigl\Vert v_{n}(\tau) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \bigr) \\ &\quad \leq\frac{K^{2}_{0}}{m}e^{mt}+\frac{6a}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \int_{\tau }^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert v_{n} \bigl(s-\rho(s) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds+ \frac{1}{C_{g}} \int_{\tau }^{t}e^{ms}\vert g_{n}\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\qquad {}- \biggl(\nu-\frac{C_{g}}{\lambda_{1}}-\frac{m}{\lambda _{1}}-m\alpha ^{2} \biggr) \int_{\tau}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\Vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq\frac{K^{2}_{0}}{m}e^{mt}+\frac{6ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}(1-M)} \int _{\tau-h}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds+C_{g} \int_{\tau -h}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert v_{n}(s)+\psi \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\qquad {}- \biggl(\nu-\frac{C_{g}}{\lambda_{1}}-\frac{m}{\lambda _{1}}-m\alpha ^{2} \biggr) \int_{\tau}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\Vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq\frac{K^{2}_{0}}{m}e^{mt}+\frac{6ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}(1-M)} \biggl( \int _{\tau-h}^{\tau}e^{ms} \bigl\vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds+ \int_{\tau }^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}+C_{g} \int_{\tau-h}^{\tau}e^{ms} \bigl\vert v_{n}(s)+\psi \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\qquad {}+C_{g} \int_{\tau}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert v_{n}(s)+\psi \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds- \biggl(\nu- \frac {C_{g}}{\lambda _{1}}-\frac{m}{\lambda_{1}}-m\alpha^{2} \biggr) \int_{\tau}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\Vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq\frac{K^{2}_{0}}{m}e^{mt}+\frac{6ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}(1-M)} \biggl( \int _{\tau-h}^{\tau}e^{ms}\vert \phi_{n}-\psi \vert ^{2}\,ds+ \int_{\tau }^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}+C_{g} \int_{\tau-h}^{\tau}e^{ms}\vert \phi_{n}\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\qquad {}+2C_{g} \int_{\tau}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl(\vert v_{n}\vert ^{2}+\vert \psi \vert ^{2} \bigr) \,ds- \biggl(\nu-\frac {C_{g}}{\lambda_{1}}-\frac{m}{\lambda_{1}}-m \alpha^{2} \biggr) \int_{\tau }^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\Vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq\frac{K^{2}_{0}}{m}e^{mt}+\frac{6ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}(1-M)} \biggl(2 \int_{\tau-h}^{\tau}e^{ms} \bigl(\vert \phi_{n}\vert ^{2}+\vert \psi \vert ^{2} \bigr) \,ds+ \int _{\tau }^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}+C_{g} \int_{\tau-h}^{\tau}e^{ms}\vert \phi_{n}\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\qquad {}+2C_{g} \int_{\tau}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl(\vert v_{n}\vert ^{2}+\vert \psi \vert ^{2} \bigr) \,ds- \biggl(\nu-\frac {C_{g}}{\lambda_{1}}-\frac{m}{\lambda_{1}}-m \alpha^{2} \biggr) \int_{\tau }^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\Vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq\frac{K^{2}_{0}}{m}e^{mt}+\frac{12ae^{mh}e^{m\tau}}{\nu \lambda _{1}(1-M)} \int_{\tau-h}^{\tau} \vert \phi_{n}\vert ^{2}\,ds+\frac{12ae^{mh}e^{m\tau }}{\nu \lambda_{1}(1-M)}\vert \psi \vert ^{2}h \\ &\qquad {}+\frac{6ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)} \int_{\tau }^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds+C_{g}e^{m\tau} \int_{\tau-h}^{\tau} \vert \phi _{n}\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\qquad {}+2C_{g} \int_{\tau}^{t}e^{ms}\vert v_{n}\vert ^{2}\,ds+\frac {2C_{g}e^{mt}}{m}\vert \psi \vert ^{2}- \biggl(\nu-\frac{C_{g}}{\lambda_{1}}-\frac {m}{\lambda _{1}}-m \alpha^{2} \biggr) \int_{\tau}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\Vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq\frac{K^{2}_{0}}{m}e^{mt}+\frac{12ae^{mh}e^{m\tau}}{\nu \lambda _{1}(1-M)}\vert \psi \vert ^{2}h+ \biggl(\frac{12ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}+C_{g} \biggr)e^{m\tau } \int _{\tau-h}^{\tau} \vert \phi_{n}\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\qquad {}+\frac{2C_{g}e^{mt}}{m}\vert \psi \vert ^{2}- \biggl(\nu- \frac{3C_{g}}{\lambda _{1}}-\frac{m}{\lambda_{1}}-m\alpha^{2}-\frac{6ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda ^{2}_{1}(1-M)} \biggr) \int_{\tau}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\Vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq\frac{K^{2}_{0}}{m}e^{mt}+\frac{12ae^{mh}e^{m\tau}}{\nu \lambda _{1}(1-M)}\vert \psi \vert ^{2}h+ \biggl(\frac{12ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}+C_{g} \biggr)e^{m\tau } \int _{\tau-h}^{\tau} \vert \phi_{n}\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\qquad {}+\frac{2C_{g}e^{mt}}{m}\vert \psi \vert ^{2}, \end{aligned}$$
(3.26)
$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl\vert v_{n}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2} \bigl\Vert v_{n}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ &\quad \leq \bigl\vert v_{n}(\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2} \bigl\Vert v_{n}(\tau) \bigr\Vert ^{2}+\frac {12ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}\vert \psi \vert ^{2}h \\ &\qquad {}+ \biggl(\frac{12ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}+C_{g} \biggr) \int _{-h}^{0}\vert \phi _{n}\vert ^{2}\,ds+\frac{K^{2}_{0}}{m}+\frac{2C_{g}}{m}\vert \psi \vert ^{2} \\ &\quad \leq \bigl\vert v_{n}(\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2} \bigl\Vert v_{n}(\tau) \bigr\Vert ^{2}+\frac {12ae^{mh}C_{4}^{2}}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial \Omega)}^{2}h \\ &\qquad {}+ \biggl(\frac{12ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}+C_{g} \biggr)\Vert \phi_{n} \Vert _{L_{H}^{2}}^{2}+\frac{K^{2}_{0}}{m}+ \frac{2C_{g}C_{4}^{2}}{m} \Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty }(\partial\Omega)}^{2}\equiv K_{1}^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.27)
Integrating (3.24) over \([t,t+1]\), we obtain and That is, which means \(v_{n}(t)\) is uniformly bounded in \(L^{\infty}(\tau ,T;V)\cap L^{2}(\tau,T;V)\). Using the Alaoglu compact theorem, we can find a subsequence (still written as \(v_{n}\) without confusion) such that
i.e., \(v\in L^{\infty}(\tau,T;V)\cap L^{2}(\tau,T;V)\).
$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl( \bigl\vert v_{n}(t+1) \bigr\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2} \bigl\Vert v_{n}(t+1) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \bigr)- \bigl( \bigl\vert v_{n}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2} \bigl\Vert v_{n}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \bigr) \\ &\qquad {}+ \bigl(\nu-C_{g}\lambda_{1}^{-1} \bigr) \int_{t}^{t+1}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq K^{2}_{0}+\frac{1}{C_{g}} \int_{t}^{t+1}\vert g_{n}\vert ^{2}\,ds+\frac {6a}{\nu \lambda_{1}} \int_{t}^{t+1} \bigl\vert v_{n} \bigl(s- \rho(s) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq K^{2}_{0}+C_{g} \int_{t-h}^{t+1} \bigl\vert v_{n}(s)+\psi \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds+\frac {6a}{\nu \lambda_{1}(1-M)} \int_{t-h}^{t+1} \bigl\vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq K^{2}_{0}+2C_{g} \int_{t-h}^{t+1} \bigl( \bigl\vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\vert \psi \vert ^{2} \bigr)\,ds+ \frac {6a}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)} \int_{t-h}^{t+1} \bigl\vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq K^{2}_{0}+2(h+1)C_{g}\vert \psi \vert ^{2}+ \biggl(\frac{6a}{\nu\lambda _{1}(1-M)}+2C_{g} \biggr) \int_{t-h}^{t+1} \bigl\vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq \biggl(\frac{6a}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}+2C_{g} \biggr) \biggl( \int _{t-h}^{t} \bigl\vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds+ \int_{t}^{t+1} \bigl\vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr)+2(h+1)C_{g}\vert \psi \vert ^{2} +K^{2}_{0} \\ &\quad \leq \biggl(\frac{6a}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}+2C_{g} \biggr) \biggl(K_{1}^{2}h+ \int _{-h}^{0} \bigl\vert \eta _{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds+\frac{1}{\lambda_{1}} \int_{t}^{t+1} \bigl\Vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}+K^{2}_{0}+2(h+1)C_{g}\vert \psi \vert ^{2} \\ &\quad \leq \biggl(\frac{6a}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}+2C_{g} \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}\times \biggl(K_{1}^{2}h+2 \int _{-h}^{0} \bigl(\vert \phi _{n} \vert ^{2}+\vert \psi \vert ^{2} \bigr)\,ds+ \frac{1}{\lambda_{1}} \int_{t}^{t+1} \bigl\Vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}+K^{2}_{0}+2(h+1)C_{g}\vert \psi \vert ^{2} \\ &\quad \leq \biggl(\frac{6a}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}+2C_{g} \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}\times \biggl(K_{1}^{2}h+2 \int _{-h}^{0}\vert \phi _{n}\vert ^{2}\,ds+2h\vert \psi \vert ^{2}+\frac{1}{\lambda_{1}} \int_{t}^{t+1} \bigl\Vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}+K^{2}_{0}+2(h+1)C_{g}\vert \psi \vert ^{2} \end{aligned}$$
(3.28)
$$\begin{aligned} & \biggl(\nu-\frac{3C_{g}}{\lambda_{1}}-\frac{6a}{\nu \lambda ^{2}_{1}(1-M)} \biggr) \int_{t}^{t+1}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq K_{1}^{2}+ \biggl(\frac{6a}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}+2C_{g} \biggr) \biggl(K_{1}^{2}h+2 \int _{-h}^{0}\vert \phi_{n}\vert ^{2}\,ds+2h\vert \psi \vert ^{2} \biggr)+K^{2}_{0} \\ &\qquad {}+2(h+1)C_{g}\vert \psi \vert ^{2} \\ &\quad \leq K_{1}^{2}+ \biggl(\frac{6a}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}+2C_{g} \biggr) \bigl(K_{1}^{2}h+2\Vert \phi_{n}\Vert ^{2}_{L_{H}^{2}}+2hC_{4}^{2}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega )}^{2} \bigr)+K^{2}_{0} \\ &\qquad {}+2(h+1)C_{g}C_{4}^{2}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega )}^{2}\equiv K_{2}^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.29)
$$\begin{aligned} & \int_{t}^{t+1}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2}\,ds\leq\frac{K^{2}_{2}}{\nu -\frac{3C_{g}}{\lambda_{1}}-\frac{6a}{\nu\lambda^{2}_{1}(1-M)}}\equiv I_{V}^{2}, \end{aligned}$$
(3.30)
$$\begin{aligned} v_{n}\rightarrow^{*}v \quad \mbox{in }L^{\infty}(\tau,T;V);\qquad v_{n}\rightarrow v \quad \mbox{in }L^{2}(\tau,T;V), \end{aligned}$$
(3.31)
Next, we prove that \(\frac{dv_{n}}{dt}\) is uniformly bounded in \(L^{2}(\tau,T;V')\). Since and \(v_{n}\in L^{2}(\tau,T;V)\), we derive that \(-\nu Av_{n},\alpha^{2} v_{nt},g_{n}\in L^{2}(\tau,T;V')\), and
$$\begin{aligned} \frac{dv_{n}}{dt}=-\nu Av_{n}-\alpha ^{2}Av_{nt}-B(v_{n})-R(v_{n})+P_{n} \bar{f}-B(\psi)+g_{n}, \end{aligned}$$
(3.32)
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\Vert B(v_{n}) \bigr\Vert _{L^{2}(\tau,T;V')}^{2} =& \int_{\tau }^{T} \Bigl(\sup_{\Vert u\Vert =1} \bigl\vert (v_{n}\cdot\nabla)v_{n},u \bigr\vert \Bigr)^{2}\,ds \\ \leq& \int_{\tau }^{T} \bigl( \bigl\vert (v_{n} \cdot \nabla)v_{n} \bigr\vert \vert u\vert \bigr)^{2} \,ds \\ \leq&C \int_{\tau}^{T} \bigl\vert (v_{n}\cdot \nabla)v_{n} \bigr\vert ^{2}\Vert u\Vert ^{2}\,ds \\ =&C \int _{\tau }^{T} \bigl\vert (v_{n}\cdot \nabla)v_{n} \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ \leq&C \int_{\tau}^{T}\vert v_{n}\vert ^{2}\vert \nabla v_{n}\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ \leq& C \int_{\tau }^{T}\vert v_{n}\vert ^{2}\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2}\,ds \\ \leq&C\Vert v_{n}\Vert _{L^{\infty}(\tau,T;H)}^{2}\Vert v_{n}\Vert _{L^{2}(\tau ,T;V)}^{2} \\ \leq&C\Vert v_{n}\Vert _{L^{\infty}(\tau,T;V)}^{2}\Vert v_{n}\Vert _{L^{2}(\tau ,T;V)}^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.33)
Similarly, we have Since \(B(\psi)\in L^{2}(\tau,T;V')\), we conclude that \(\frac {dv_{n}}{dt}\) is uniformly bounded in \(L^{2}(\tau,T;V')\). By the compact embedding theorem, we also have □
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\Vert R(v_{n}) \bigr\Vert _{L^{2}(\tau,T;V')}^{2} \leq& C\Vert \psi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\Omega)}^{2}\Vert v_{n} \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\tau,T;H)}^{2}+ C\vert \psi \vert ^{2} \Vert v_{n}\Vert _{L^{2}(\tau,T;V)}^{2} \\ \leq&C\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)}^{2} \bigl(\Vert v_{n}\Vert _{L^{\infty }(\tau,T;V)}^{2}+\Vert v_{n} \Vert _{L^{2}(\tau,T;V)}^{2} \bigr). \end{aligned}$$
(3.34)
$$\begin{aligned} v_{n}\rightarrow v,\quad \mbox{in }L^{2}(\tau,T;V);\qquad v_{n}( \tau )=P_{n}v_{\tau}\rightarrow v(\tau)=v_{\tau}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.35)
Theorem 3.2
Let \(u_{\tau},f\in H\), \(\varphi\in L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)\), and \(\varphi\cdot n=0\) on ∂Ω. Then (1.1) has a unique weak solution.
Proof
The family of stream functions \(\psi_{\varepsilon}\) was constructed in [8] which satisfied \(\psi_{\varepsilon}\in C^{\infty}(\Omega)\). In addition, the solution v of (3.16) is obtained in Theorem 3.1. Let \(u=v+\psi_{\varepsilon}\), it is easy to check that u is the weak solution of (1.1) which satisfies (i), (ii), and (iii).
Suppose that \(u_{1}\) and \(u_{2}\) are two solutions to (1.1) with stream functions \(\psi_{1}\) and \(\psi_{2}\), respectively. Let \(v\in C^{\infty}_{0}(\Omega)\), \(\operatorname {div}v=0\), from the condition (ii) we get
$$\begin{aligned} &\frac{d}{dt}\langle u_{1}-u_{2},v\rangle -\nu\langle u_{1}-u_{2}, \Delta v\rangle -\alpha^{2} \frac{d}{dt}\langle u_{1}-u_{2}, \Delta v\rangle \\ &\quad = \int_{\Omega}\sum^{2}_{i,j=1} \bigl(u_{1}^{i}u_{1}^{j}-u_{2}^{i}u_{2}^{j} \bigr)\frac{\partial v^{i}}{x_{j}}\,dx+\bigl\langle f_{\rho}(u_{1})-f_{\rho}(u_{2}),v \bigr\rangle \\ &\qquad {} +\biggl\langle \int _{-h}^{0} \bigl[G \bigl(s,u_{1}(t+s) \bigr)-G_{2} \bigl(s,u(t+s) \bigr) \bigr]\,ds,v\biggr\rangle . \end{aligned}$$
(3.36)
We claim that (3.36) holds for any \(v\in V\). In fact, from the condition (ii), we have thus we can write \(\langle u_{1}-u_{2},\Delta v\rangle =-(u_{1}-u_{2},v)\) (\(l=1,2\)),
and \(u_{l}\in L^{4}(\Omega\times(\tau,T))\), thus which implies (3.36) holds for any \(v\in V\).
$$\begin{aligned} u_{1}-u_{2}=(u_{1}-\psi_{1})-(u_{2}- \psi_{2})+(\psi_{1}-\psi _{2})\in L^{2} \bigl([0,T];V \bigr), \end{aligned}$$
(3.37)
$$\begin{aligned}& \begin{aligned}[b] \biggl( \int_{\Omega }\vert u_{l}\vert ^{4}\,dx \biggr)^{1/4}\leq{}& \biggl( \int_{\Omega} \vert u_{l}-\psi_{l}\vert ^{4}\,dx \biggr)^{1/4}+ \biggl( \int_{\Omega} \vert \psi _{l}\vert ^{4} \,dx \biggr)^{1/4} \\ \leq{}&C \biggl( \int_{\Omega} \bigl\vert \nabla(u_{l}-\psi _{l}) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx \biggr)^{1/4}\\ &{}\times \biggl( \int_{\Omega} \vert u_{l}-\psi_{l}\vert ^{2}\,dx \biggr)^{1/4} \biggl( \int _{\Omega} \vert \psi_{l}\vert ^{4} \,dx \biggr)^{1/4}, \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$
(3.38)
$$\begin{aligned}& \Biggl\vert \int_{\Omega}\sum^{2}_{i,j=1}u_{l}^{i}u_{l}^{j} \frac {\partial v^{i}}{x_{j}}\,dx \Biggr\vert \leq C \biggl( \int_{\Omega }\vert u_{l}\vert ^{4}\,dx \biggr)^{1/2} \biggl( \int _{\Omega} \vert \nabla v\vert ^{2}\,dx \biggr)^{1/2}, \end{aligned}$$
(3.39)
$$ \frac{d}{dt}(u_{1}-u_{2})\in L^{2} \bigl([ \tau,T];V' \bigr),\quad \mbox{for }v\in V, $$
(3.40)
Let \(v=u_{1}-u_{2}\), we get which means Since \(u_{1}\in L^{4}(\Omega\times(\tau,T))\) and \(v(\cdot,\tau )=0\), we derive \(v=0\) which means the uniqueness of solution holds. □
$$\begin{aligned} &\frac{1}{2}\frac {d}{dt} \bigl(\vert v\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2}\Vert v\Vert ^{2} \bigr)+\nu \Vert v\Vert ^{2} \\ &\quad \leq \Biggl\vert \int_{\Omega}\sum^{2}_{i,j=1} \bigl(u_{1}^{i}u_{1}^{j}-u_{2}^{i}u_{2}^{j} \bigr)\frac{\partial v^{i}}{x_{j}}\,dx \Biggr\vert + \bigl\vert \bigl\langle f_{\rho}(u_{1})-f_{\rho}(u_{2}),v\bigr\rangle \bigr\vert \\ &\qquad {}+ \bigl\vert \bigl\langle g(t,u_{1t})-g(t,u_{2t}),v \bigr\rangle \bigr\vert \\ &\quad \leq \Biggl\vert \int_{\Omega}\sum^{2}_{i,j=1} \biggl(u_{1}^{i}v^{j}\frac {\partial v^{i}}{x_{j}}+u_{2}^{j} \frac{1}{2}\frac{\partial u_{2}^{j}}{x_{j}} \biggr)\,dx \Biggr\vert + \bigl\vert \bigl\langle f_{\rho}(u_{1})-f_{\rho}(u_{2}),v \bigr\rangle \bigr\vert \\ &\qquad {}+ \bigl\vert \bigl\langle g(t,u_{1t})-g(t,u_{2t}),v \bigr\rangle \bigr\vert \\ &\quad \leq \Biggl\vert \int_{\Omega}\sum^{2}_{i,j=1}u_{1}^{i}v^{j} \frac {\partial v^{i}}{x_{j}}\,dx \Biggr\vert + \bigl\vert \bigl\langle f_{\rho}(u_{1})-f_{\rho}(u_{2}),v\bigr\rangle \bigr\vert \\ &\qquad {}+ \bigl\vert \bigl\langle g(t,u_{1t})-g(t,u_{2t}),v \bigr\rangle \bigr\vert \\ &\quad \leq C \biggl( \int_{\Omega} \vert u_{1}\vert ^{4}\,dx \biggr)^{1/4} \biggl( \int _{\Omega }\vert v\vert ^{4/3}\vert \nabla v \vert ^{4/3}\,dx \biggr)^{3/4}+L(\beta) \bigl\vert v \bigl(t- \rho(t) \bigr) \bigr\vert \vert v\vert +L_{g}\Vert v \Vert _{C_{H}}\vert v\vert \\ &\quad \leq C \biggl( \int_{\Omega} \vert u_{1}\vert ^{4}\,dx \biggr)^{1/4} \biggl( \biggl( \int _{\Omega }\vert v\vert ^{4}\,dx \biggr)^{\frac{1}{3}} \biggl( \int_{\Omega} \vert \nabla v\vert ^{4/3}\,dx \biggr)^{\frac {2}{3}} \biggr)^{3/4}+C\Vert v\Vert _{C_{H}} \vert v\vert \\ &\quad \leq C\Vert u_{1}\Vert _{L^{4}}\Vert v\Vert _{L^{4}}\vert \nabla v\vert +C\Vert v\Vert _{C_{H}}\vert v\vert \\ &\quad \leq C\Vert u_{1}\Vert _{L^{4}}\Vert \nabla v\Vert ^{\frac {1}{2}}\vert v\vert ^{\frac {1}{2}}\vert \nabla v\vert +C\Vert v\Vert _{C_{H}}\vert v\vert \\ &\quad \leq\nu \Vert v\Vert ^{2}+C_{\nu} \Vert u_{1}\Vert ^{4}_{L^{4}}\vert v\vert ^{2}+C\Vert v\Vert _{C_{H}}\vert v\vert , \end{aligned}$$
(3.41)
$$\begin{aligned} &\frac{d}{dt} \bigl(\Vert v\Vert ^{2} \bigr)\leq C_{\nu} \Vert u_{1}\Vert ^{4}_{L^{4}} \vert v\vert ^{2}+C\Vert v\Vert _{C_{H}}\vert v \vert . \end{aligned}$$
3.4 Continuous dependence of initial data
Consider the two solutions \(u(\cdot)\) and \(v(\cdot)\) to problem (1.1) with corresponding initial data \((u_{\tau},\phi_{1})\) and \((v_{\tau},\phi_{2})\), respectively. Let \(w=u-v\), then w satisfies the problem Since \(B(u,u)-B(v,v)=B(w,u)+B(v,w)\), we obtain the abstract form
$$\begin{aligned} \textstyle\begin{cases}\frac{dw}{dt}-\nu\Delta w-\alpha^{2}\Delta w_{t}+(u\cdot\nabla)u-(v\cdot\nabla )v\\ \quad =g(u_{t})-g(v_{t})+f_{\rho}(u)-f_{\rho}(v),\\ \operatorname {div}w=0, & (x,t)\in\Omega_{\tau},\\ w(t,x)|_{\partial\Omega}=0, & (x,t)\in\partial\Omega_{\tau},\\ w(\tau,x)=u_{\tau}(x)-v_{\tau}(x),& x\in\Omega,\\ u(t,x)=\phi_{1}(t-\tau,x)-\phi_{2}(t-\tau,x),& (x,t)\in\Omega_{\tau h}. \end{cases}\displaystyle \end{aligned}$$
(3.42)
$$\begin{aligned} \frac{dw}{dt}+\nu Aw+\alpha ^{2}Aw_{t}+B(w,u)+B(v,w)=g(u_{t})-g(v_{t})++f_{\rho}(u)-f_{\rho}(v). \end{aligned}$$
(3.43)
Multiplying (3.43) by w, we derive which implies Noting and integrating (3.44) over \([\tau, t]\), we obtain
$$\begin{aligned} &\frac{1}{2}\frac{d}{dt} \bigl(\vert w\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2}\Vert w\Vert ^{2} \bigr)+\nu \Vert w\Vert ^{2} \\ &\quad \leq \bigl\vert b(w,u,w) \bigr\vert + \bigl\vert f_{\rho}(u)-f_{\rho }(v) \bigr\vert \vert w\vert + \bigl\vert g(u_{t})-g(v_{t}) \bigr\vert \vert w\vert \\ &\quad \leq C\vert w\vert \Vert w\Vert \Vert u\Vert +L(\beta)\vert w \vert \bigl\vert w \bigl(t-\rho (t) \bigr) \bigr\vert + \bigl\vert g(u_{t})-g(v_{t}) \bigr\vert \vert w\vert \\ &\quad \leq\frac{\nu}{4}\Vert w\Vert ^{2}+\frac{C^{2}}{\nu} \vert w\vert ^{2}\Vert u\Vert ^{2}+\frac{\nu }{8} \Vert w\Vert ^{2}+\frac{2L^{2}(\beta)}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \bigl\vert w \bigl(t- \rho(t) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac{\nu }{8}\Vert w\Vert ^{2} \\ &\qquad {}+\frac{2}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \bigl\vert g(t,u_{t})-g(t,v_{t}) \bigr\vert ^{2} \\ &\quad = \frac{\nu}{2}\Vert w\Vert ^{2}+\frac{C^{2}}{\nu} \vert w\vert ^{2}\Vert u\Vert ^{2}+\frac {2L^{2}(\beta )}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \bigl\vert w \bigl(t-\rho(t) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}\\ &\qquad {}+ \frac{2}{\nu\lambda _{1}} \bigl\vert g(t,u_{t})-g(t,v_{t}) \bigr\vert ^{2}, \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} &\frac{d}{dt} \bigl(\vert w\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2} \Vert w\Vert ^{2} \bigr)+\nu \Vert w\Vert ^{2} \\ &\quad \leq\frac{2C^{2}}{\nu} \vert w\vert ^{2}\Vert u\Vert ^{2}+\frac{4L^{2}(\beta)}{\nu\lambda _{1}} \bigl\vert w \bigl(t-\rho(t) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac{4}{\nu\lambda _{1}} \bigl\vert g(t,u_{t})-g(t,v_{t}) \bigr\vert ^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.44)
$$\begin{aligned}& \int_{\tau}^{t} \bigl\vert w \bigl(s-\rho(s) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds\leq\frac{1}{1-M} \int_{\tau -h}^{t} \bigl\vert w(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds, \\& \int_{\tau}^{t} \bigl\vert g(s,u_{s})-g(s,v_{s}) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds\leq C_{g}^{2} \int_{\tau -h}^{t} \bigl\vert u(s)-v(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds=C_{g}^{2} \int_{\tau-h}^{t} \bigl\vert w(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds, \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} &\vert w\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2}\Vert w\Vert ^{2}+\nu \int^{t}_{\tau} \Vert w\Vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq \bigl\vert w(\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2} \bigl\Vert w(\tau) \bigr\Vert ^{2} +\frac{2C^{2}}{\nu} \int _{\tau }^{t}\vert w\vert ^{2}\Vert u\Vert ^{2}\,ds+\frac{4L^{2}(\beta)}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \int_{\tau }^{t} \bigl\vert w \bigl(s-\rho (s) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\qquad {} +\frac{4}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \int_{\tau }^{t} \bigl\vert g(t,u_{s})-g(t,v_{s}) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq \bigl\vert w(\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2} \bigl\Vert w(\tau) \bigr\Vert ^{2} +\frac{2C^{2}}{\nu} \int _{\tau }^{t}\vert w\vert ^{2}\Vert u\Vert ^{2}\,ds+\frac{4L^{2}(\beta)}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)} \int_{\tau -h}^{t} \bigl\vert w(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\qquad {} +\frac{4C_{g}^{2}}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \int_{\tau -h}^{t} \bigl\vert w(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq \bigl\vert w(\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2} \bigl\Vert w(\tau) \bigr\Vert ^{2}+ \biggl(\frac{4L^{2}(\beta)}{\nu \lambda _{1}(1-M)}+ \frac{4C_{g}^{2}}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \biggr) \int_{\tau-h}^{\tau} \bigl\vert w(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\qquad {} + \int_{\tau}^{t} \biggl(\frac{2C^{2}}{\nu} \Vert u \Vert ^{2}+\frac{4L^{2}(\beta )}{\nu \lambda_{1}(1-M)}+\frac{4C_{g}^{2}}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \biggr) \bigl\vert w(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq \bigl\vert w(\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2} \bigl\Vert w(\tau) \bigr\Vert ^{2}+ \biggl(\frac{4L^{2}(\beta)}{\nu \lambda _{1}(1-M)}+ \frac{4C_{g}^{2}}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \biggr)\Vert \phi_{1}-\phi_{2}\Vert ^{2}_{L_{H}^{2}} \\ &\qquad {} + \int_{\tau}^{t} \biggl(\frac{2C^{2}}{\nu} \Vert u \Vert ^{2}+\frac{4L^{2}(\beta )}{\nu \lambda_{1}(1-M)}+\frac{4C_{g}^{2}}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \biggr) \bigl\vert w(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds. \end{aligned}$$
(3.45)
Since \(u(t)\in L^{\infty}(\tau,T;V)\cap L^{2}(\tau,T;V)\), neglecting the integrating term on left side of (3.45), putting \(s\in (t-h,t)\) instead of t and using the Gronwall inequality to (3.45), we see
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\vert w(s) \bigr\vert ^{2} \leq& \biggl( \bigl\vert w(\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2} \bigl\Vert w(\tau) \bigr\Vert ^{2}+ \biggl(\frac {4L^{2}(\beta )}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}+\frac{4C_{g}^{2}}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \biggr) \Vert \phi_{1}-\phi _{2}\Vert ^{2}_{L_{H}^{2}} \biggr) \\ &{}\times e^{\int_{\tau}^{t}(\frac{2C^{2}}{\nu} \Vert u\Vert ^{2}+\frac{4L^{2}(\beta )}{\nu \lambda_{1}(1-M)}+\frac{4C_{g}^{2}}{\nu\lambda_{1}})\,ds}. \end{aligned}$$
Similarly, using the Poincaré inequality, we get Moreover, This implies the continuous dependence on the initial data for the solution which generates a continuous process \(\{\tilde{U}(\cdot ,\cdot )\}\).
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\Vert w(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \leq& \frac{1}{\alpha^{2}} \biggl( \bigl\vert w(\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2} \bigl\Vert w(\tau ) \bigr\Vert ^{2}+ \biggl(\frac{4L^{2}(\beta)}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}+ \frac{4C_{g}^{2}}{\nu \lambda_{1}} \biggr)\Vert \phi_{1}-\phi_{2}\Vert ^{2}_{L_{H}^{2}} \biggr) \\ &{}\times e^{\frac{1}{\lambda_{1}}\int_{\tau}^{t}(\frac{2C^{2}}{\nu} \Vert u\Vert ^{2}+\frac{4L^{2}(\beta)}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}+\frac{4C_{g}^{2}}{\nu\lambda _{1}})\,ds}. \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} &\int^{t}_{\tau} \bigl\Vert w(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq \frac{1}{\nu\alpha ^{2}} \biggl( \bigl\vert w(\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2} \bigl\Vert w(\tau) \bigr\Vert ^{2}+ \biggl(\frac{4L^{2}(\beta)}{\nu \lambda _{1}(1-M)}+\frac{4C_{g}^{2}}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \biggr)\Vert \phi_{1}-\phi_{2}\Vert ^{2}_{L_{H}^{2}} \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}\times \biggl(1+e^{\int_{\tau}^{t}(\frac{2C^{2}}{\nu} \Vert u\Vert ^{2}+\frac {4L^{2}(\beta )}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}+\frac{4C_{g}^{2}}{\nu\lambda_{1}})\,ds} \int_{\tau }^{t} \biggl(\frac {2C^{2}}{\nu} \Vert u \Vert ^{2}+\frac{4L^{2}(\beta)}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}+\frac {4C_{g}^{2}}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \biggr)\,ds \biggr). \end{aligned}$$
4 Existence of absorbing sets
In this section we shall derive the existence of pullback absorbing sets for the 2D Navier-Stokes-Voigt equations with continuous delay and distributed delay on the Lipschitz domain.
From Theorem 3.1, we obtain the process \(\tilde{U}(\cdot,\tau ;(v_{\tau },\phi))=v_{t}(\cdot;(v_{\tau},\phi))\), where \((v_{\tau}, \phi)\in V\times L_{H}^{2}\), \(V\times L_{H}^{2}\) is a Hilbert space, and the corresponding norm can be defined as
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\Vert (v_{\tau},\phi) \bigr\Vert _{V\times L_{H}^{2}}^{2}= \vert v_{\tau }\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2}\Vert v_{\tau} \Vert ^{2}+\Vert \phi \Vert _{L_{H}^{2}}^{2},\quad (v_{\tau}, \phi )\in V\times L_{H}^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
To derive the existence of pullback attractor, we need to prove the existence of pullback absorbing set of \(\tilde{U}(\cdot,\tau ;(v_{\tau },\phi))\) in \(C_{V}\) first of all thus:
Theorem 4.1
Let \((v_{\tau},\eta)\in V\times L_{H}^{2}\), and the assumptions (a)-(h) hold, then there exists a pullback absorbing set in \(C_{V}\) for the system (3.15).
Proof
Let \(D\subset V\times L_{H}^{2}\) be any bounded set, and \((v_{\tau},\phi)\in D\), then there exists a constant \(d>0\) such that
$$\begin{aligned} \vert v_{\tau} \vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2}\Vert v_{\tau} \Vert ^{2}+\Vert \phi \Vert _{L_{H}^{2}}^{2} \leq d^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(4.1)
Similar to the proof of Theorem 3.1, we get
$$\begin{aligned} \frac{d}{dt} \bigl(\vert v\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2} \Vert v\Vert ^{2} \bigr)\leq\frac {6a}{\nu \lambda_{1}} \bigl\vert v \bigl(t- \rho(t) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac{1}{C_{g}}\vert g \vert ^{2}+K^{2}_{0}- \biggl(\nu - \frac {C_{g}}{\lambda_{1}} \biggr)\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2} . \end{aligned}$$
(4.2)
Choose a suitable constant \(m>0\) such that \(\nu>\frac{C_{g}}{\lambda _{1}}+\frac{m}{\lambda_{1}}+m\alpha^{2}+\frac{6ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{2}(1-M)}\) and
$$ \begin{aligned}[b] \frac{d}{dt} \bigl(e^{mt} \bigl(\vert v\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2}\Vert v\Vert ^{2} \bigr) \bigr)\leq{}& \frac{6ae^{mt}}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \bigl\vert v \bigl(t-\rho(t) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}+ \frac {e^{mt}}{C_{g}}\vert g\vert ^{2}+K^{2}_{0}e^{mt} \\ &{} -e^{mt} \biggl(\nu-\frac{C_{g}}{\lambda_{1}}-\frac{m}{\lambda_{1}}-m\alpha ^{2} \biggr)\Vert v_{n}\Vert ^{2}. \end{aligned} $$
(4.3)
Integrating (4.3) over \([\tau,t]\), we have which implies
$$\begin{aligned} & e^{mt} \bigl( \bigl\vert v(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2} \bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \bigr)-e^{m\tau } \bigl( \bigl\vert v(\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2} \bigl\Vert v(\tau) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \bigr) \\ &\quad \leq K^{2}_{0} \int_{\tau}^{t}e^{ms}\,ds+ \frac{6a}{\nu\lambda _{1}} \int _{\tau}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert v \bigl(s- \rho(s) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac{1}{C_{g}} \int_{\tau }^{t}e^{ms}\vert g\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\qquad {}- \biggl(\nu-\frac{3C_{g}}{\lambda_{1}}-\frac{m}{\lambda_{1}}-m\alpha ^{2} \biggr) \int_{\tau}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\Vert v(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq\frac{K^{2}_{0}e^{mt}}{m}+e^{m\tau} \biggl(\frac{12ae^{mh}}{\nu \lambda _{1}(1-M)}\vert \psi \vert ^{2}h+ \biggl(\frac{12ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}+C_{g} \biggr) \int _{-h}^{0}\vert \phi \vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}+\frac{2C_{g}}{m}\vert \psi \vert ^{2}e^{mt}- \biggl( \nu-\frac{C_{g}}{\lambda _{1}}-\frac {m}{\lambda_{1}}-m\alpha^{2}- \frac{6ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda ^{2}_{1}(1-M)} \biggr) \int _{\tau}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\Vert v(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq\frac{K^{2}_{0}e^{mt}}{m}+e^{m\tau} \biggl(\frac{12ae^{mh}}{\nu \lambda _{1}(1-M)}\vert \psi \vert ^{2}h+ \biggl(\frac{12ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}+C_{g} \biggr) \Vert \phi \Vert ^{2}_{L_{H}^{2}} \biggr)+\frac{2C_{g}}{m} \vert \psi \vert ^{2}e^{mt}, \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl\vert v(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2} \bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ &\quad \leq e^{m(\tau-t)} \biggl( \bigl\vert v(\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2} \bigl\Vert v(\tau) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ &\qquad {}+ \frac {12ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}\vert \psi \vert ^{2}h+ \biggl( \frac{12ae^{mh}}{\nu \lambda _{1}(1-M)}+C_{g} \biggr)\Vert \phi \Vert ^{2}_{L_{H}^{2}} \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}+\frac{K^{2}_{0}}{m}+\frac{2C_{g}}{m}\vert \psi \vert ^{2} \\ &\quad \leq e^{m(\tau-t)} \biggl(1+\frac{12ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}(1-M)}+C_{g} \biggr)d^{2}+\frac {K^{2}_{0}}{m} \\ &\qquad {}+ \biggl(\frac{2C_{g}}{m}+ \frac{12ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}(1-M)}h \biggr)C_{4}^{2}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)}. \end{aligned}$$
(4.4)
Choosing \(\sigma\in[-h,0]\), and substituting t with \(t+\sigma\), we have
$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl\vert v(t+\sigma) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2} \bigl\Vert v(t+\sigma) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ &\quad \leq e^{m(\tau-t-\sigma)} \biggl(1+\frac{12ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}(1-M)}+C_{g} \biggr)d^{2}+\frac{K^{2}_{0}}{m} \\ &\qquad {}+ \biggl(\frac{2C_{g}}{m}+\frac{12ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}(1-M)}h \biggr)C_{4}^{2} \Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)}. \end{aligned}$$
(4.5)
Denoting \(v_{t}(\cdot;(v_{\tau},\phi))\) as \(\tilde{U}(\cdot;\tau ,(v_{\tau},\phi))\), we have
$$\begin{aligned} \Vert v_{t}\Vert ^{2} =& \bigl\Vert \tilde{U} \bigl( \cdot;\tau,(v_{\tau},\phi ) \bigr) \bigr\Vert ^{2}_{C_{V}} \\ \leq& e^{mh}e^{m(\tau-t)} \biggl(1+\frac{12ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}(1-M)}+C_{g} \biggr)d^{2}+\frac{K^{2}_{0}}{m} \\ &{}+ \biggl(\frac{2C_{g}}{m}+\frac{12ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}(1-M)}h \biggr)C_{4}^{2} \Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)}. \end{aligned}$$
(4.6)
Let \(\rho_{V}^{2}=\frac{2K^{2}_{0}}{m}+(\frac{4C_{g}}{m}+\frac {24ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}h)C_{4}^{2}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty }(\partial \Omega)}\), for any \((v_{\tau},\phi)\in V\times L_{H}^{2}\), when
\(\tilde{U}(\cdot,\cdot)D\subset B_{V}(0,\rho_{V})\), where \(B_{V}(0,\rho _{V})\) is a pullback absorbing ball centered at 0 with radius \(\rho _{V}\) in \(C_{V}\), which completes the proof. □
$$\begin{aligned} &\tau\leq T_{V}=\frac{1}{m}\ln\frac{\frac {K^{2}_{0}}{m}+(\frac{2C_{g}}{m}+\frac{12ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}(1-M)}h)C_{4}^{2}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)}}{(1+\frac {12ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda_{1}(1-M)}+C_{g})d^{2}}-h+t, \end{aligned}$$
Theorem 4.2
Assume that the assumptions (a)-(h) hold, and \((v_{\tau},\eta)\in D(A^{\frac{3}{4}})\times L_{H}^{2}\), then there exists a pullback absorbing set in \(C([\tau,T],D(A^{\frac {3}{4}}))\) for the system (3.15).
Proof
Let \(D\subset D(A^{3/4})\times L_{H}^{2}\) be any bounded set, and \((v_{\tau},\phi)\in D\), then there exists a constant \(d>0\) such that
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\vert A^{1/4}v(\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2} \bigl\vert A^{3/4} v(\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\Vert \phi \Vert _{L_{H}^{2}}^{2}\leq d^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
Multiplying (3.15) by \(A^{\frac{1}{2}}v\), we have
$$\begin{aligned} &\frac{1}{2}\frac{d}{dt} \bigl( \bigl\vert A^{1/4}v \bigr\vert ^{2}+\alpha ^{2} \bigl\vert A^{3/4} v \bigr\vert ^{2} \bigr)+\nu \bigl\vert A^{3/4}v \bigr\vert ^{2} \\ &\quad \leq \bigl\vert b \bigl(v,v,A^{\frac{1}{2}}v \bigr) \bigr\vert + \bigl\vert b \bigl(v,\psi,A^{\frac {1}{2}}v \bigr) \bigr\vert + \bigl\vert b \bigl(\psi ,v,A^{\frac{1}{2}}v \bigr) \bigr\vert + \bigl\vert b \bigl(\psi, \psi,A^{\frac{1}{2}}v \bigr) \bigr\vert \\ &\qquad {}+ \bigl\vert \bigl\langle f+\nu F,A^{\frac{1}{2}}v\bigr\rangle \bigr\vert + \bigl\vert \bigl\langle g,A^{\frac{1}{2}}v\bigr\rangle \bigr\vert . \end{aligned}$$
(4.7)
Next, we shall estimate term by term the right side of (4.7).
$$\begin{aligned}& \begin{aligned}[b] \bigl\vert b \bigl(v,v,A^{\frac{1}{2}}v \bigr) \bigr\vert &\leq \int_{\Omega} \vert v\vert \vert \nabla v\vert \bigl\vert A^{\frac {1}{2}}v \bigr\vert \,dx\leq \Vert v\Vert _{4}\vert \nabla v\vert \bigl\Vert A^{\frac{1}{2}}v \bigr\Vert _{4} \\ &\leq C_{1}^{2} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{1}{4}}v \bigr\vert \bigl\vert A^{\frac{1}{2}}v \bigr\vert \bigl\vert A^{\frac {3}{4}}v \bigr\vert \leq\frac{\nu}{12} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{3}{4}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac {3C_{1}^{4}}{\nu } \bigl\vert A^{\frac{1}{4}}v \bigr\vert ^{2} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{1}{2}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}, \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$
(4.8)
$$\begin{aligned}& \begin{aligned}[b] \bigl\vert b \bigl(v,\psi,A^{\frac{1}{2}}v \bigr) \bigr\vert &\leq \int_{\Omega} \vert v\vert \vert \nabla\psi \vert \bigl\vert A^{\frac {1}{2}}v \bigr\vert \,dx \\ &= \int_{\Omega}\frac{\vert v\vert }{\operatorname {dist}(x,\partial\Omega)}\vert \nabla\psi \vert \operatorname {dist}(x, \partial\Omega )\bigl\vert A^{\frac{1}{2}}v \bigr\vert \,dx \\ &\leq C_{4}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)} \int_{\Omega }\frac {\vert v\vert }{\operatorname {dist}(x,\partial\Omega)} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{1}{2}}v \bigr\vert \,dx \\ &\leq C_{4}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)} \biggl( \int_{\Omega }\frac {\vert v\vert ^{2}}{[\operatorname {dist}(x,\partial\Omega)]^{2}\,dx} \biggr)^{1/2} \biggl( \int_{\Omega } \bigl\vert A^{\frac {1}{2}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx \biggr)^{1/2} \\ &\leq C_{3}^{\frac{1}{2}}C_{4}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega )} \biggl( \int_{\Omega} \vert \nabla v\vert ^{2}\,dx \biggr)^{1/2} \biggl( \int_{\Omega} \bigl\vert A^{\frac {1}{2}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx \biggr)^{1/2} \\ &\leq C_{3}^{\frac{1}{2}}C_{4}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega )} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{1}{2}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}\leq C_{2}C_{3}^{\frac{1}{2}}C_{4}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{1}{4}}v \bigr\vert \bigl\vert A^{\frac {3}{4}}v \bigr\vert \\ &\leq \frac{\nu}{12} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{3}{4}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac {3C_{2}^{2}C_{3}C_{4}^{2}}{\nu} \Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial \Omega)}\bigl\vert A^{\frac{1}{4}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}, \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$
(4.9)
$$\begin{aligned}& \begin{aligned}[b] \bigl\vert b \bigl(\psi,v,A^{\frac{1}{2}}v \bigr) \bigr\vert &\leq \int_{\Omega} \vert \psi \vert \vert \nabla v\vert \bigl\vert A^{\frac {1}{2}}v \bigr\vert \,dx\\ &\leq C_{4}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega )} \bigl\vert A^{\frac {1}{2}}v \bigr\vert ^{2} \\ &\leq C_{2}C_{4}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)} \bigl\vert A^{\frac {1}{4}}v \bigr\vert \bigl\vert A^{\frac{3}{4}}v \bigr\vert \\ &\leq\frac{\nu}{12} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{3}{4}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac {3C^{2}_{2}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu} \Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial \Omega)}\bigl\vert A^{\frac{1}{4}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}, \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$
(4.10)
$$\begin{aligned}& \begin{aligned}[b] \bigl\vert b \bigl(\psi,\psi,A^{\frac{1}{2}}v \bigr) \bigr\vert \leq{}& \int_{\Omega} \vert \psi \vert \vert \nabla \psi \vert \bigl\vert A^{\frac{1}{2}}v \bigr\vert \,dx \\ \leq{}& C_{4}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)} \int_{\Omega }\frac {\vert A^{\frac{1}{2}}v\vert }{[\operatorname {dist}(x,\partial\Omega)]^{1/2}}\vert \nabla\psi \vert \bigl[ \operatorname {dist}(x,\partial\Omega) \bigr]^{1/2}\,dx \\ \leq {}& C_{4}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)} \biggl( \int_{\Omega }\frac {\vert A^{\frac{1}{2}}v\vert ^{2}}{[\operatorname {dist}(x,\partial\Omega)]}\,dx \biggr)^{1/2} \\ &{}\times\biggl( \int _{\Omega }\vert \nabla\psi \vert ^{2} \bigl[ \operatorname {dist}(x,\partial\Omega) \bigr]\,dx \biggr)^{1/2} \\ \leq{}&\frac{\nu}{12} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{3}{4}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac {3C^{2}_{0}C^{2}_{4}C^{2}_{5}}{\nu} \Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty }(\partial \Omega)} \Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{2}(\partial\Omega)}, \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$
(4.11)
$$\begin{aligned}& \bigl\vert \bigl\langle f+\nu F,A^{\frac{1}{2}}v\bigr\rangle \bigr\vert \\& \quad \leq \bigl\vert \bigl\langle f,A^{\frac{1}{2}}v\bigr\rangle \bigr\vert + \nu \bigl\vert \bigl\langle F,A^{\frac{1}{2}}v\bigr\rangle \bigr\vert \leq \vert f\vert \bigl\vert A^{\frac {1}{2}}v \bigr\vert +\nu \int_{\Omega} \vert F\vert \bigl\vert A^{\frac{1}{2}}v \bigr\vert \,dx \\& \quad \leq \vert f\vert \bigl\vert A^{\frac{1}{2}}v \bigr\vert +C'_{2}\nu\sqrt{\varepsilon} \int_{\Omega }\vert F\vert \frac{\vert A^{\frac{1}{2}}v\vert }{[\operatorname {dist}(x,\partial\Omega )]^{1/2}}\,dx \\& \quad \leq \vert f\vert \bigl\vert A^{\frac{1}{2}}v \bigr\vert +C'_{2}\nu\sqrt{\varepsilon} \vert F\vert \biggl( \int _{\Omega }\frac{\vert A^{\frac{1}{2}}v\vert ^{2}}{[\operatorname {dist}(x,\partial\Omega )]}\,dx \biggr)^{1/2} \\& \quad \leq \vert f\vert \bigl\vert A^{\frac{1}{2}}v \bigr\vert +C'_{2}C_{0}^{\frac{1}{2}}\nu\sqrt { \varepsilon }\vert F\vert \bigl\vert A^{\frac{3}{4}}v \bigr\vert \leq \frac{\vert f\vert }{\lambda_{1}^{1/4}} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{3}{4}}v \bigr\vert +C'_{2}C_{0}^{\frac {1}{2}} \nu\sqrt{ \varepsilon} \vert F\vert \bigl\vert A^{\frac{3}{4}}v \bigr\vert \\& \quad \leq\frac{\nu}{24} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{3}{4}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac{6\vert f\vert ^{2}}{\nu \lambda _{1}^{1/2}}+\frac{\nu}{24} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{3}{4}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac {6C^{\prime 2}_{2}C_{0}\varepsilon \vert F\vert ^{2}}{\nu} \\& \quad \leq\frac{\nu}{12} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{3}{4}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac{6}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{1/2}} \bigl(a \bigl\vert v \bigl(t-\rho(t) \bigr)+ \psi \bigr\vert ^{2}+b \bigr)+\frac{6C^{\prime 2}_{2}C_{0}\varepsilon }{\nu } \frac{C^{2}}{\varepsilon^{3}} \Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{2}(\partial\Omega )} \\& \quad \leq\frac{\nu}{12} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{3}{4}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac{12a}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{1/2}} \bigl\vert v \bigl(t-\rho(t) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac{12}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}}\vert \psi \vert ^{2}+ \frac{6b}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}} \\& \qquad {}+\frac{6C^{\prime 2}_{2}C_{0}C^{2}}{\nu\varepsilon^{2}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{2}(\partial\Omega)} \\& \quad \leq\frac{\nu}{12} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{3}{4}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac{12a}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{1/2}} \bigl\vert v \bigl(t-\rho(t) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac{12C_{4}^{2}}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)}+\frac{6b}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{1/2}} \\& \qquad {}+\frac{6C^{\prime2}_{2}C_{0}C^{2}}{\nu\varepsilon^{2}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{2}(\partial\Omega)}, \end{aligned}$$
(4.12)
$$\begin{aligned}& \bigl\vert \bigl\langle g,A^{\frac{1}{2}}v\bigr\rangle \bigr\vert \leq \vert g\vert \bigl\vert A^{\frac {1}{2}}v \bigr\vert \leq C_{2} \vert g\vert \bigl\vert A^{\frac{1}{4}}v \bigr\vert ^{1/2} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{3}{4}}v \bigr\vert ^{1/2} \\& \hphantom{\bigl\vert \bigl\langle g,A^{\frac{1}{2}}v\bigr\rangle \bigr\vert } \leq \frac{\nu}{12} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{3}{4}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac{C_{2}^{2}C_{g}}{3\nu } \bigl\vert A^{\frac{1}{4}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac{\vert g\vert ^{2}}{2C_{g}}. \end{aligned}$$
(4.13)
Combining (4.7)-(4.13), we conclude where and
$$\begin{aligned} &\frac{d}{dt} \bigl( \bigl\vert A^{1/4} v \bigr\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2} \bigl\vert A^{3/4} v \bigr\vert ^{2} \bigr) \\ &\quad \leq\frac{24a}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}} \bigl\vert v \bigl(t-\rho(t) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac {\vert g\vert ^{2}}{C_{g}}+K_{3}^{2} \\ &\qquad {}- \biggl(\nu-\frac{6C^{4}_{1}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}K_{1}^{2}- \frac {6C^{2}_{2}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty }(\partial\Omega)} \\ &\qquad {}- \frac{6C^{2}_{2}C_{3}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)}- \frac{2C_{2}C_{g}}{3\nu \lambda _{1}} \biggr) \bigl\vert A^{3/4}v \bigr\vert ^{2}, \end{aligned}$$
(4.14)
$$K_{3}^{2}=\frac{6C^{2}_{0}C^{2}_{4}C^{2}_{5}}{\nu} \Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{2}(\partial \Omega )}+ \frac{24C_{4}^{2}}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)}+ \frac{12b}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{\frac {1}{2}}}+\frac{12C_{2}^{\prime2}C_{0}C^{2}}{\nu\varepsilon^{2}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{2}(\partial\Omega)} $$
$$\begin{aligned} &\frac{d}{dt} \bigl[e^{mt} \bigl( \bigl\vert A^{1/4} v \bigr\vert ^{2}+\alpha ^{2} \bigl\vert A^{3/4} v \bigr\vert ^{2} \bigr) \bigr] \\ &\quad \leq\frac{24ae^{mt}}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}} \bigl\vert v \bigl(t-\rho(t) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac {e^{mt}}{C_{g}}\vert g\vert ^{2}+e^{mt}K_{3}^{2} \\ &\qquad {}-e^{mt} \biggl(\nu-\frac{6C^{4}_{1}}{\nu \lambda _{1}}K_{1}^{2}-\frac{6C^{2}_{2}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)} \\ &\qquad {} -\frac{6C^{2}_{2}C_{3}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty }(\partial\Omega)}- \frac{2C_{2}C_{g}}{3\nu\lambda_{1}}-\frac {m}{\lambda _{1}}-m\alpha^{2} \biggr) \bigl\vert A^{3/4}v \bigr\vert ^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(4.15)
Choosing a suitable \(m>0\) such that and integrating (4.15) over \([\tau,t]\), we obtain
$$\begin{aligned} \nu >&\frac{6C^{4}_{1}}{\nu\lambda _{1}}K_{1}^{2}+\frac {6C^{2}_{2}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}} \Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty }(\partial\Omega)}+\frac{6C^{2}_{2}C_{3}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)}+\frac{2C_{2}C_{g}}{3\nu \lambda _{1}}+ \frac{m}{\lambda_{1}}+m\alpha^{2} \\ &{}+\frac{24ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda^{2}_{1}(1-M)}+\frac{2C_{g}}{\lambda _{1}^{\frac{3}{2}}}, \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} & e^{mt} \bigl( \bigl\vert A^{1/4}v \bigr\vert ^{2}+\alpha ^{2} \bigl\vert A^{3/4}v \bigr\vert ^{2} \bigr)-e^{m\tau} \bigl( \bigl\vert A^{1/4}v(\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2} \bigl\vert A^{3/4}v( \tau ) \bigr\vert ^{2} \bigr) \\ &\quad \leq\frac{e^{mt}}{m}K_{3}^{2}+\frac{24a}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}} \int _{\tau }^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert v \bigl(s- \rho(s) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds+\frac{1}{C_{g}} \int_{\tau }^{t}e^{ms}\vert g\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\qquad {} - \biggl(\nu-\frac{6C^{4}_{1}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}K_{1}^{2}- \frac {6C^{2}_{2}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty }(\partial\Omega)}- \frac{6C^{2}_{2}C_{3}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)} \\ &\qquad {}- \frac{2C_{2}C_{g}}{3\nu \lambda _{1}}-\frac{m}{\lambda_{1}} -m\alpha^{2} \biggr) \int_{\tau}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert A^{3/4}v \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq\frac{e^{mt}}{m}K_{3}^{2}+\frac{24ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{1/2}(1-M)} \int_{\tau-h}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert v(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds+C_{g} \int_{\tau -h}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert v(s)+ \psi \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\qquad {} - \biggl(\nu-\frac{6C^{4}_{1}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}K_{1}^{2}- \frac {6C^{2}_{2}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty }(\partial\Omega)}- \frac{6C^{2}_{2}C_{3}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)} \\ &\qquad {}- \frac{2C_{2}C_{g}}{3\nu \lambda _{1}}-\frac{m}{\lambda_{1}} -m\alpha^{2} \biggr) \int_{\tau}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert A^{3/4}v \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq\frac{24ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}(1-M)} \biggl( \int_{\tau -h}^{\tau }e^{ms}\vert \phi-\psi \vert ^{2}\,ds+ \int_{\tau}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert v(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}+C_{g} \biggl( \int _{\tau -h}^{\tau}e^{ms}\vert \phi \vert ^{2}\,ds +2 \int_{\tau}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl(\vert v\vert ^{2}+\vert \psi \vert ^{2} \bigr)\,ds \biggr)+ \frac {e^{mt}}{m}K_{3}^{2} \\ &\qquad {}- \biggl(\nu-\frac{6C^{4}_{1}}{\nu\lambda _{1}}K_{1}^{2}- \frac {6C^{2}_{2}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty }(\partial\Omega)} \\ &\qquad {}-\frac{6C^{2}_{2}C_{3}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)}- \frac{2C_{2}C_{g}}{3\nu\lambda _{1}}-\frac {m}{\lambda_{1}}-m\alpha^{2} \biggr) \int_{\tau }^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert A^{3/4}v \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq\frac{24ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}(1-M)} \biggl(2e^{m\tau} \int _{\tau -h}^{\tau} \bigl(\vert \phi \vert ^{2}+\vert \psi \vert ^{2} \bigr)\,ds+ \int_{\tau }^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert v(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}+C_{g} \biggl(e^{m\tau} \int_{\tau-h}^{\tau} \vert \phi \vert ^{2} \,ds +2 \int_{\tau}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl(\vert v\vert ^{2}+\vert \psi \vert ^{2} \bigr)\,ds \biggr)+ \frac {e^{mt}}{m}K_{3}^{2} \\ &\qquad {}- \biggl(\nu-\frac{6C^{4}_{1}}{\nu\lambda _{1}}K_{1}^{2}- \frac {6C^{2}_{2}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty }(\partial\Omega)} \\ &\qquad {}-\frac{6C^{2}_{2}C_{3}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)}- \frac{2C_{2}C_{g}}{3\nu\lambda _{1}}-\frac {m}{\lambda_{1}}-m\alpha^{2} \biggr) \int_{\tau }^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert A^{3/4}v \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq\frac{e^{mt}}{m}K_{3}^{2}+ \biggl( \frac{48ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}+C_{g} \biggr)e^{m\tau} \Vert \phi \Vert ^{2}_{L_{H}^{2}}+\frac {48ae^{mh}e^{m\tau}}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}\vert \psi \vert ^{2}h+\frac {2C_{g}}{m}e^{mt}\vert \psi \vert ^{2} \\ &\qquad {}- \biggl(\nu-\frac{6C^{4}_{1}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}K_{1}^{2}- \frac {6C^{2}_{2}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty }(\partial\Omega)}- \frac{6C^{2}_{2}C_{3}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)}- \frac{2C_{2}C_{g}}{3\nu \lambda _{1}}-\frac{m}{\lambda_{1}} \\ &\qquad {}-m\alpha^{2}-\frac{24ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda^{2}_{1}(1-M)}-\frac {2C_{g}}{\lambda _{1}^{\frac{3}{2}}} \biggr) \int_{\tau}^{t}e^{ms} \bigl\vert A^{3/4}v \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq\frac{e^{mt}}{m}K_{3}^{2}+ \biggl( \frac{48ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}+C_{g} \biggr)e^{m\tau} \Vert \phi \Vert ^{2}_{L_{H}^{2}} \\ &\qquad {}+\frac {48ae^{mh}e^{m\tau}}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}\vert \psi \vert ^{2}h+\frac {2C_{g}}{m}e^{mt}\vert \psi \vert ^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(4.16)
It follows that
$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl\vert A^{1/4} v \bigr\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2} \bigl\vert A^{3/4} v \bigr\vert ^{2} \\ &\quad \leq\frac{K_{3}^{2}}{m}+\frac{2C_{g}}{m}\vert \psi \vert ^{2}+ \bigl\vert A^{1/4}v(\tau ) \bigr\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2} \bigl\vert A^{3/4}v(\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2} \\ &\qquad {}+ \biggl(\frac{48ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}+C_{g} \biggr)\Vert \phi \Vert ^{2}_{L_{H}^{2}}+\frac{48ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}\vert \psi \vert ^{2}h \\ &\quad \leq\frac{K_{3}^{2}}{m}+\frac{2C_{g}C_{4}^{2}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty }(\partial \Omega)}}{m}+d^{2}+ \biggl( \frac{48ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}+C_{g} \biggr)d^{2}_{L_{H}^{2}} \\ &\qquad {}+\frac{48ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}C_{4}^{2}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)}h\equiv K_{4}^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(4.17)
Integrating (4.14) over \([t,t+1]\), we obtain and where which implies \(v\in L^{\infty}(\tau,T;D(A^{3/4}))\cap L^{2}(\tau,T;D(A^{3/4}))\).
$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl( \bigl\vert A^{1/4} v(t+1) \bigr\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2} \bigl\vert A^{3/4} v(t+1) \bigr\vert ^{2} \bigr)- \bigl( \bigl\vert A^{1/4} v(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2} \bigl\vert A^{3/4} v(t) \bigr\vert ^{2} \bigr) \\ &\qquad {} + \biggl(\nu-\frac{6C^{4}_{1}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}K_{1}^{2}- \frac {6C^{2}_{2}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty }(\partial\Omega)}- \frac{6C^{2}_{2}C_{3}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)}- \frac{2C_{2}C_{g}}{3\nu \lambda _{1}} \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}\times \int_{t}^{t+1} \bigl\vert A^{3/4} v \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq K_{3}^{2}+\frac{24a}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}} \int _{t}^{t+1} \bigl\vert v \bigl(s-\rho (s) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds+\frac{1}{C_{g}} \int_{t}^{t+1}\vert g\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq K_{3}^{2}+\frac{24a}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}(1-M)} \int _{t-h}^{t+1} \bigl\vert v(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds+C_{g} \int_{t-h}^{t+1} \bigl\vert v(s)+\psi \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq K_{3}^{2}+\frac{24a}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}(1-M)} \int _{t-h}^{t+1} \bigl\vert v(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds+2C_{g} \int_{t-h}^{t+1} \bigl\vert v(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds+2C_{g} \int _{t-h}^{t+1}\vert \psi \vert ^{2} \,ds \\ &\quad \leq K_{3}^{2}+2(h+1)\vert \psi \vert ^{2}C_{g}+ \biggl(\frac{24a}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}+2C_{g} \biggr) \int_{t-h}^{t+1} \bigl\vert v(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq \biggl(\frac{24a}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}+2C_{g} \biggr) \biggl( \int _{t-h}^{t} \bigl\vert v(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds+ \int_{t}^{t+1} \bigl\vert v(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}+K_{3}^{2}+2(h+1)\vert \psi \vert ^{2}C_{g} \\ &\quad \leq \biggl(\frac{24a}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}+2C_{g} \biggr) \biggl(K_{1}^{2}h+ \int _{\tau -h}^{\tau} \vert \eta \vert ^{2} \,ds+ \int_{t}^{t+1} \bigl\vert v(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}+K_{3}^{2}+2(h+1)\vert \psi \vert ^{2}C_{g} \\ &\quad \leq \biggl(\frac{24a}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}+2C_{g} \biggr) \biggl(K_{1}^{2}h+2 \Vert \phi \Vert ^{2}_{L_{H}^{2}}+2h \vert \psi \vert ^{2}+\frac{1}{\lambda_{1}^{\frac{3}{2}}} \int _{t}^{t+1} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{3}{4}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}+ K_{3}^{2}+2(h+1)\vert \psi \vert ^{2}C_{g} \\ &\quad \leq K_{3}^{2}+2(h+1)\vert \psi \vert ^{2}C_{g}+ \biggl(\frac{24a}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}+2C_{g} \biggr) \bigl(K_{1}^{2}h+2\Vert \phi \Vert ^{2}_{L_{H}^{2}}+2h\vert \psi \vert ^{2} \bigr) \\ &\qquad {}+ \biggl(\frac{24a}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{2}(1-M)}+\frac{2C_{g}}{\lambda _{1}^{\frac{3}{2}}} \biggr) \int_{t}^{t+1} \bigl\vert A^{\frac{3}{4}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq \biggl(\frac{24a}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}+2C_{g} \biggr) \bigl(K_{1}^{2}h+2 \Vert \phi \Vert ^{2}_{L_{H}^{2}}+2hC_{4}^{2} \Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega )} \bigr) \\ &\qquad {}+ \biggl(\frac{24a}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{2}(1-M)}+\frac{2C_{g}}{\lambda _{1}^{\frac{3}{2}}} \biggr) \int_{t}^{t+1} \bigl\vert A^{\frac {3}{4}}v \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds+K_{3}^{2}+2(h+1)C_{4}^{2} \Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial \Omega)}C_{g} \end{aligned}$$
(4.18)
$$\begin{aligned} & \int_{t}^{t+1} \bigl\vert A^{3/4} v \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\quad \leq\frac{N^{2}}{\nu-\frac{6C^{4}_{1}}{\nu\lambda _{1}}K_{1}^{2}-\frac {6C^{2}_{2}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty }(\partial\Omega)}-\frac{6C^{2}_{2}C_{3}C^{2}_{4}}{\nu\lambda_{1}}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)}-\frac{2C_{2}C_{g}}{3\nu \lambda _{1}}-\frac{24a}{\nu\lambda^{2}_{1}(1-M)}-\frac{2C_{g}}{\lambda _{1}^{\frac {3}{2}}}} \\ &\quad \equiv I_{3/4}^{2}, \end{aligned}$$
(4.19)
$$\begin{aligned} N^{2} =& \biggl(\frac{24a}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}+2C_{g} \biggr) \bigl(K_{1}^{2}h+2\Vert \phi \Vert ^{2}_{L_{H}^{2}}+2hC_{4}^{2} \Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega)} \bigr)+K_{2}^{2} \\ &{}+K_{3}^{2}+2(h+1)C_{4}^{2}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega )}C_{g}, \end{aligned}$$
From (4.16), we also have and
$$\begin{aligned} & e^{mt} \bigl( \bigl\vert A^{1/4} v \bigr\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2} \bigl\vert A^{3/4} v \bigr\vert ^{2} \bigr)-e^{m\tau} \bigl( \bigl\vert A^{1/4} v(0) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\alpha^{2} \bigl\vert A^{3/4} v(0) \bigr\vert ^{2} \bigr) \\ &\quad \leq\frac{K_{3}^{2}+2C_{g}C_{4}^{2}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial \Omega )}}{m}e^{mt}+ \biggl(\frac{48ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}+C_{g} \biggr)e^{m\tau }\Vert \phi \Vert ^{2}_{L_{H}^{2}} \\ &\qquad {}+\frac{48ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}e^{m\tau} \vert \psi \vert ^{2}h \end{aligned}$$
(4.20)
$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl\vert A^{1/4} v \bigr\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2} \bigl\vert A^{3/4} v \bigr\vert ^{2} \\ &\quad \leq e^{m(\tau-t)} \biggl( \biggl(1+\frac{48ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}+C_{g} \biggr)d^{2}+\frac{48ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}C_{4}^{2}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega )}h \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}+\frac{K_{3}^{2}+2C_{g}C_{4}^{2}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial \Omega)}}{m}. \end{aligned}$$
(4.21)
Choosing \(\sigma\in[-h,0]\) and substituting t with \(t+\sigma\), we have
$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl\vert A^{1/4} v(t+\sigma) \bigr\vert ^{2}+ \alpha^{2} \bigl\vert A^{3/4} v(t+\sigma) \bigr\vert ^{2} \\ &\quad \leq e^{mh}e^{m(\tau-t)} \biggl( \biggl(1+\frac{48ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}+C_{g} \biggr)d^{2}+\frac{48ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}C_{4}^{2}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega )}h \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}+\frac{K_{3}^{2}+2C_{g}C_{4}^{2}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial \Omega)}}{m}. \end{aligned}$$
(4.22)
Denoting \(v_{t}(\cdot;(v_{\tau},\phi))\) as \(\tilde{U}(\cdot;\tau ,(v_{\tau},\phi))\), we get
$$\begin{aligned} &\Vert v_{t}\Vert _{3/4}^{2}= \bigl\Vert \tilde{U} \bigl(\cdot;\tau ,(v_{\tau},\phi) \bigr) \bigr\Vert _{3/4}^{2} \\ &\quad \leq e^{mh}e^{m(\tau-t)} \biggl( \biggl(1+\frac{48ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}+C_{g} \biggr)d^{2}+\frac{48ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda _{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}C_{4}^{2}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega )}h \biggr) \\ &\qquad {}+\frac{K_{3}^{2}+2C_{g}C_{4}^{2}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial \Omega)}}{m}. \end{aligned}$$
(4.23)
Let \(\rho_{3/4}^{2}=\frac{2K_{3}^{2}+4C_{g}C_{4}^{2}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty }(\partial\Omega)}}{m}\) for any \((v_{\tau},\eta)\in D(A^{3/4})\times L_{H}^{2}\), when
\(\tilde{U}(\cdot,\cdot)D\subset B_{3/4}(0,\rho_{3/4})\), where \(B_{3/4}(0,\rho_{3/4})\) is a pullback absorbing ball centered at 0 with radius \(\rho_{3/4}\) in \(C_{3/4}\), which completes the proof. □
$$\begin{aligned} & \tau\leq T_{3/4}=\frac{1}{m}\ln\frac {K_{3}^{2}+2C_{g}C_{4}^{2}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial\Omega )}}{m((1+\frac {48ae^{mh}}{\nu\lambda_{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}+C_{g})d^{2}+\frac{48ae^{mh}}{\nu \lambda_{1}^{1/2}(1-M)}C_{4}^{2}\Vert \varphi \Vert ^{2}_{L^{\infty}(\partial \Omega )}h)}-h+t, \end{aligned}$$
5 Existence of pullback attractor
The main result in the paper can be stated as follows.
Theorem 5.1
Assume that the assumptions (a)-(h) hold, \((v_{\tau},\eta)\in D(A^{\frac{3}{4}})\times L_{H}^{2}\), then the system (1.1) possesses a pullback attractor \({\mathcal{A}}\).
Proof
Theorem 3.1 guarantees that the process \(\{\tilde {U}(\cdot ,\cdot)\}\) of the system (3.15) is continuous. By Theorem 4.1 and Theorem 4.2 we show that the system (3.15) possesses two pullback absorbing balls \(B_{V}(0,\rho_{V})\) and \(B_{3/4}(0,\rho_{3/4})\) in \(C_{V}\) and \(C_{D(A^{3/4})}\), respectively. Since \(V \hookrightarrow \hookrightarrow D(A^{3/4})\) and \(\{\tilde{U}(\cdot,\cdot)\}\) is equicontinuous, by the generalized Arzelà-Ascoli theorem we can show that the process \(\{\tilde{U}(\cdot,\cdot)\}\) is asymptotically compact in \(C_{V}\). From the fundamental existence theory of pullback attractors (see, e.g., [21, 22]), the process \(\{\tilde {U}(\cdot,\cdot)\}\) generated by the system (3.15), which is equivalent to (1.1), possesses a pullback attractor in \(C_{V}\). □
Declarations
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the NSFC of Education Department in Henan Province (No. 14B110029, 15A110033).
The authors thank the referees by his/her comments, which led to improvements in the presentation of this paper.
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Authors’ Affiliations
(1)
College of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, P.R. China
(2)
College of Information and Management Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
(3)
College of Mathematics and Information Science, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, P.R. China
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