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The boundary degeneracy theory of a strongly degenerate parabolic equation
- Huashui Zhan1Email author
Received: 13 May 2015
Accepted: 30 December 2015
Published: 16 January 2016
Abstract
A kind of strongly degenerate parabolic equations, is considered. The paper first shows that the solution of the equation may be free from the limitation of the boundary value condition. The key is to determine the portion of the boundary on which we can impose the homogeneous boundary value. By introducing a new kind of entropy solution matching the partial boundary condition, the existence of the solution is obtained by the parabolic regularization method, and the stability of the solutions is obtained by Kruzkov’s bi-variables method combined with an elegant partition technique.
$$\frac{\partial u}{\partial t} =\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \biggl(a^{ij}(u,x,t) \frac{\partial u}{\partial x_{j}} \biggr)+\frac{\partial b_{i}(u,x,t)}{\partial x_{i}}, \quad (x,t)\in\Omega\times(0,T), $$
Keywords
boundary degeneracy theory degenerate parabolic equation partial boundary condition entropy solution partition techniqueMSC
35L65 35K65 35K551 Introduction
The author studies the boundary condition of a kind of degenerate parabolic equations where \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{N}\) is an open bounded smooth domain, \((a^{ij})\) is a symmetric matrix with nonnegative characteristic values, i.e. for any \(\xi\in\mathbb{R}^{N}\), and we specially assume that Equation (1.1) arises in many applications, e.g. the porous medium equation the equation in the boundary layer theory, where A, B are two known functions derived from the Prandtl system, one may refer to [1] for details. Clearly, equation (1.1) is of a hyperbolic-parabolic mixed type and might have a discontinuous solution. For the Cauchy problem of equation (1.1), whether it is weakly degenerate or strongly degenerate is a question that has been deeply investigated. For the initial-boundary value problem of equation (1.1), we know that the initial value condition is always necessary, But the question is whether can we impose the Dirichlet homogeneous boundary condition as usual. Is (1.6) overdetermined? Let us observe a special example. Consider where \(d(x)=\operatorname {dist}(x, \partial\Omega)\) is the distance function from the boundary, \(\alpha>0\) is a constant. Suppose equation (1.1a) has a classical solution. For any given positive integer m, let \(g_{m}(s)\) be an odd function. When \(s\geq0\), it is defined as If u and v are two classical solutions of equation (1.1a) with the initial values \(u_{0}\), \(v_{0}\), respectively, denoting \(A'(s)=a(s)\), then we have where \(n=\{n_{i}\}\) is the inner unit normal vector of Ω. Let \(m\rightarrow\infty\). Then we have It means that the classical solutions (if there are any) of equation (1.1a) are completely determined by the initial value and free from the limitation of any boundary value condition.
$$\begin{aligned}& \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} =\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \biggl(a^{ij}(u,x,t) \frac{\partial u}{\partial x_{j}} \biggr)+\frac{\partial b_{i}(u,x,t)}{\partial x_{i}}, \quad\text{in } Q_{T}= \Omega \times(0,T), \end{aligned}$$
(1.1)
$$a^{ij}=a^{ji},\quad\quad a^{ij}\xi_{i} \xi_{j}\geq0, $$
$$\begin{aligned}& a^{ij}(0,x,t)=0, \quad i,j,=1,2,\ldots, N. \end{aligned}$$
(1.2)
$$\begin{aligned}& \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} =\Delta u^{m}, \end{aligned}$$
(1.3)
$$\begin{aligned}& w^{2}w_{\eta\eta}-w_{\tau}-\eta Uw_{\xi}+Aw_{\eta}+Bw=0, \end{aligned}$$
(1.4)
$$\begin{aligned}& u(x,0)=u_{0}(x), \quad x\in\Omega. \end{aligned}$$
(1.5)
$$\begin{aligned}& u(x,t)=0, \quad(x,t)\in\partial\Omega\times(0,T)=\Sigma\times (0,T), \end{aligned}$$
(1.6)
$$\begin{aligned}& \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} =\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \biggl(d^{\alpha}(x,t)a(u) \frac{\partial u}{\partial x_{i}} \biggr), \quad\text{in } Q_{T}, \end{aligned}$$
(1.1a)
$${g_{m}}(s) = \left \{ { \textstyle\begin{array}{l@{\quad}l} {1,}&{s > \frac{1}{m},} \\ {{m^{2}}{s^{2}}{{e} ^{1 - {m^{2}}{s^{2}}}},}&{s \leqslant\frac{1}{m}.} \end{array}\displaystyle } \right . $$
$$\begin{aligned}& \int_{\Omega}g_{m} \bigl(A(u)-A(v) \bigr) \frac{\partial}{\partial t}(u-v)\,dx \\& \quad={-} \int_{\Omega}d^{\alpha}(x,t) \biggl[a(u)\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_{i}}-a(v) \frac{\partial v}{\partial x_{i}} \biggr]^{2}g'_{m} \bigl(A(u)-A(v) \bigr)\,dx \\& \quad\quad{} - \int_{\partial\Omega}d^{\alpha}(x,t) \biggl[a(u)\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_{i}}-a(v) \frac{\partial v}{\partial x_{i}} \biggr]n_{i}g_{m} \bigl(A(u)-A(v) \bigr) \,d\Sigma \\& \quad={-} \int_{\Omega}d^{\alpha}(x,t) \biggl[a(u)\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_{i}}-a(v) \frac{\partial v}{\partial x_{i}} \biggr]^{2}g'_{m} \bigl(A(u)-A(v) \bigr)\,dx\leq0, \end{aligned}$$
$$\int_{\Omega} \bigl\vert u(x,t)-v(x,t) \bigr\vert \,dx\leq \int_{\Omega} \bigl\vert u_{0}(x)-v_{0}(x) \bigr\vert \,dx. $$
Now, we will give a brief introduction of the related works on equation (1.1). Supposed that \(a(u,x,t)\equiv a(u)\), when the equation is weakly degenerate, it is well known that one can impose the Dirichlet homogeneous boundary condition (1.6), one may refer to the book [2] and the references therein. When the equation is strongly degenerate, there are two ways to deal with the corresponding problem, we simply call them as the Chinese way and the international way, respectively. The Chinese way is based on the BV analysis technique, it directly answers whether (1.6) is overdetermined or not. In general, instead of the whole boundary ∂Ω, only a portion of the boundary \(\Sigma _{p}\subseteq\partial\Omega\) on which the trace of u can be endowed in the traditional way, The representative works by Wu-Zhao [3, 4] were accomplished in the early 1980s, for later work, one may refer to [5]. While in the international way, the boundary value condition is not directly shown in the traditional way as (1.6), it is elegantly implicitly contained in family entropy inequalities. Moreover, the entropy solutions defined in the international way are only in \(L^{\infty}\) space, the existence of the traditional trace (which was called the strong trace in [6]) on the boundary is not guaranteed, so the boundary value condition is satisfied in a weaker sense than that of the traditional way; one may refer to [6–13] and the references therein for details. A more explicit comment on the international way will be supplemented in Appendix 1 of our paper.
$$\begin{aligned}& u(x,t)=0,\quad(x,t)\in\Sigma_{p} \times(0,T). \end{aligned}$$
(1.7)
The advantage of the Chinese way lies in the fact that one can figure out on which portion of the boundary should be imposed the boundary value, whereas the rest of the boundary is free from any limitation.
Very recently, if the domain \(\Omega=\mathbb{R}^{N}_{+}\) is the half space of \(\mathbb{R}^{N}\), in the Chinese way, we [14] studied the initial-boundary value problem of the following equation: We have proved that if \(b'_{N}(0)<0\), we can impose the general Dirichlet boundary condition which is satisfied in a particular weak sense. But if \(b'_{N}(0)\geq 0\), then no boundary condition is necessary, the solution of the equation is free from any limitation of the boundary condition.
$$\begin{aligned}& \frac{\partial u}{\partial t}=\Delta A(u) +\operatorname {div}\bigl(b(u) \bigr),\quad(x,t)\in \mathbb{R}^{N}_{+}\times(0,T). \end{aligned}$$
(1.8)
$$\begin{aligned}& u(x,t)=0,\quad(x,t)\in\partial\mathbb{R}^{N}_{+} \times(0,T)=\Sigma\times(0,T), \end{aligned}$$
(1.9)
In this paper, we continue to research how to impose a suitable homogeneous boundary condition as (1.7) in the Chinese way. Let us give the explicit formula of \(\Sigma_{p}\) in (1.7) first. Let \(\vec{n}=\{ n_{i}\}\) be the inner unit normal vector of ∂Ω. For any \(\eta>0\), \(\forall k\in \mathbb{R}\), for any given \(t\in(0,T)\), denote that
Clearly, \(\Sigma=\Sigma_{1\eta k}\cup\Sigma_{2\eta k}\), and let Now, we will show that we can choose the explicit displayed formula of \(\Sigma_{p}\) in (1.7) as \(\Sigma_{1}\), and choose the suitable boundary condition as and we will give a new kind of entropy solution to match (1.13) in a special weak sense.
$$\begin{aligned}& \Sigma_{1\eta k}= \bigl\{ x\in\Sigma, S_{\eta}(k) \bigl[b_{i}(0,x,t)-b_{i}(k,x,t) \bigr]n_{i}(x)>0 \bigr\} , \end{aligned}$$
(1.10)
$$\begin{aligned}& \Sigma_{2\eta k}= \bigl\{ x\in\Sigma, S_{\eta}(k) \bigl[b_{i}(0,x,t)-b_{i}(k,x,t) \bigr]n_{i}(x) \leq0 \bigr\} . \end{aligned}$$
(1.11)
$$\begin{aligned}& \Sigma_{1}=\bigcup_{\forall\eta>0, \forall k\in\mathbb{R}}\Sigma _{1\eta k}, \quad\quad \Sigma_{2}=\Sigma\backslash \Sigma_{1}. \end{aligned}$$
(1.12)
$$\begin{aligned}& u(x,t)=0,\quad (x,t)\in\Sigma_{1}\times(0,T), \end{aligned}$$
(1.13)
Let \(S_{\eta}(s)=\int_{0}^{s}h_{\eta}(\tau)\,d\tau\) for small \(\eta >0\). Here \(h_{\eta}(s)=\frac{2}{\eta}(1-\frac{\vert s\vert }{\eta })_{+}\). The purpose of \(S_{\eta}\) is to approximate the sign function \(\operatorname {sgn}(s)\). Obviously \(h_{\eta}(s)\in C(\mathbb{R})\), and
$$ \begin{aligned} &h_{\eta}(s)\geq0, \quad\quad \bigl\vert sh_{\eta}(s) \bigr\vert \leq1, \quad\quad \bigl\vert S_{\eta }(s) \bigr\vert \leq1; \\ &\lim_{\eta\rightarrow0}S_{\eta }(s)=\operatorname {sgn}s, \quad\quad \lim _{\eta\rightarrow0}sS_{\eta}^{\prime}(s)=0. \end{aligned} $$
(1.14)
Definition 1.1
A function u is said to be the entropy solution of equation (1.1)-(1.5)-(1.13), if
- 1.\(u\in \operatorname {BV}(Q_{T})\cap L^{\infty}(Q_{T})\), and there exist functions \(g^{i}\in L^{2}(Q_{T})\), \(i=1, 2, \ldots, N\), such thatwhere \(\varphi(x,t)\in L^{2}(Q_{T})\), \((\gamma^{ij})\) is the square root of \((a^{ij})\), and$$ \iint_{Q_{T}}g^{i}(x,t)\varphi(x,t)\,dx\,dt= \iint_{Q_{T}}\widehat{\gamma}^{ij}(u,x,t)\varphi(x,t) \frac{\partial u}{\partial x_{j}}\,dx\,dt, $$(1.15)$$\widehat{\gamma}^{ij}(u,x,t)= \int^{1}_{0}\gamma^{ij} \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-},x,t \bigr)\,ds. $$
- 2.For any \(\varphi_{1}, \varphi_{2}\in C^{2}(\overline{Q_{T}})\), \(\varphi_{1}\geq0\), \(\nabla\varphi_{1}\vert_{\Sigma}=0\), \(\varphi _{1}\vert_{\partial\Omega\times[ 0,T]}=\varphi_{2}\vert_{\partial \Omega\times[0,T]}\), and \(\operatorname {supp}\varphi_{2}, \operatorname {supp}\varphi_{1}\subset\overline{\Omega}\times(0,T)\). For any \(k\in \mathbb{R}\), any small \(\eta >0\), u satisfies$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}} \Biggl[I_{\eta}(u-k)\varphi_{1t}-B_{\eta }^{i}(u,x,t,k) \varphi_{1x_{i}} +A_{\eta}^{ij}(u,x,t,k) \varphi_{1x_{i}x_{j}} \\& \quad{} -S_{\eta}^{\prime}(u-k)\sum_{j=1}^{N} \bigl\vert g^{j} \bigr\vert ^{2}\varphi_{1} \Biggr]\,dx\,dt \\& \quad{} + \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{k}^{u}a^{ij}_{x_{j}}(s,x,t)S_{\eta }(s-k) \,ds \varphi_{1x_{i}}\,dx\,dt \\& \quad{} +S_{\eta}(k) \iint_{Q_{T}} \biggl[u\varphi_{2t}- \bigl(b_{i}(u,x,t)-b_{i}(0,x,t) \bigr)\varphi_{2x_{i}}+A^{ij}(u,x,t) \frac {\partial^{2} \varphi_{2}}{\partial x_{i}\,\partial x_{j}} \\& \quad{} + \int_{0}^{u}a^{ij}_{x_{j}}(s,x,t) \,ds \varphi_{2x_{i}} +\frac{\partial b_{i}(0,x,t)}{\partial x_{i}}\varphi _{2} \biggr]\,dx \,dt \\& \quad{} +S_{\eta }(k) \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma_{1\eta k}} \bigl[b_{i}(0,x,t)-b_{i}(k,x,t) \bigr]n_{i}\varphi_{1}\,dt\,d\sigma\geq0. \end{aligned}$$(1.16)
- 3.The boundary value is satisfied in the sense of the trace,$$\begin{aligned}& \gamma u\vert_{\Sigma_{1\eta k}\times(0,T)}=0. \end{aligned}$$(1.17)
- 4.The initial value is satisfied in the sense of the following equality:$$ \lim_{t\rightarrow0} \int_{\Omega} \bigl\vert u(x,t)-u_{0}(x) \bigr\vert \,dx=0. $$(1.18)
$$\begin{aligned}& B_{\eta}^{i}(u,x,t,k)= \int_{k}^{u}b_{i}^{\prime}(s,x,t)S_{\eta }(s-k) \,ds, \quad\quad I_{\eta}(u-k)= \int_{0}^{u-k}S_{\eta}(s)\,ds, \\& A^{ij}_{\eta}(u,x,t, k)= \int_{k}^{u}a^{ij}(s,x,t)S_{\eta}(s-k) \,ds, \quad\quad A^{ij}(u,x,t)= \int_{0}^{u}a^{ij}(s,x,t)\,ds. \end{aligned}$$
Let \(\eta\rightarrow0\) in (1.16). In Appendix 2 of our paper, we can see that if u is the entropy solution in Definition 1.1, then it is an entropy solution as defined in [15–17].
We will prove the following theorems.
Theorem 1.2
Suppose
\(u_{0}(x)\in L^{\infty }(\Omega)\cap C^{2}(\Omega)\), \(A^{ij}(s,x,t)\)
is
\(C^{3}\), \(b_{i}(s,x,t)\)
is
\(C^{2}\), and
Then equation (1.1) with the initial-boundary condition (1.5)-(1.13) has an entropy solution in the sense of Definition
1.1.
$$ \begin{aligned} &a^{ij}(0,x,t)=0,\quad (x,t)\in Q_{T}, \\ &a^{ij}(s,x,t)\xi_{i}\xi_{j}-\delta\sum _{s=1}^{N+1}\sum_{j=1}^{N} \bigl(a^{ij}_{x_{s}}(s,x,t)\xi_{i} \bigr)^{2} \geq0. \end{aligned} $$
(1.19)
Theorem 1.3
Suppose
\(A^{ij}(s,x,t)\)
is
\(C^{2}\)
and
\(b_{i}(s,x,t)\)
are
\(C^{1}\). Let
u, v
be solutions of equation (1.1) with the different initial values
\(u_{0}(x), v_{0}(x)\in L^{\infty}(\Omega)\), respectively. Suppose there is a constant
δ
such that
Suppose that
and in particular
suppose that the distance function
\(d(x)=\operatorname {dist}(x,\Sigma)\)
satisfies
when
λ
is small enough, and
\(\Omega_{\lambda}=\{x\in\Omega , d(x,\partial\Omega)<\lambda\}\). Then
where
\((x,t)\in\mathbb{R}^{N+1}\), \(\operatorname {ess}\sup_{({x}, {t})\in\Sigma_{2}\times(0,T)}\vert {f}({x,t})-{g}( {x,t})\vert \)
is in the sense of
N-dimensional Hausdorff measure.
$$ \bigl\vert \gamma^{ik}(\cdot,x,\cdot)-\gamma^{ik}(\cdot,y, \cdot) \bigr\vert \leq c\vert x-y\vert ^{2+\delta}. $$
(1.20)
$$\begin{aligned}& \gamma u(x,t)=f(x,t),\quad\quad \gamma v=g(x,t),\quad (x,t)\in \Sigma \times(0,T), \end{aligned}$$
(1.21)
$$\begin{aligned}& \gamma u=\gamma v=0,\quad x\in\Sigma_{1}, \end{aligned}$$
(1.22)
$$\begin{aligned}& \vert d_{x_{i}x_{j}}\vert \leq c,\quad x\in\Omega_{\lambda}, \end{aligned}$$
(1.23)
$$ \int_{\Omega} \bigl\vert u(x,t)-v(x,t) \bigr\vert \,dx\leq \int_{\Omega} \vert u_{0}-v_{0}\vert \,dx+ \operatorname {ess}\sup_{({x},{t})\in\Sigma _{2}\times(0,T)} \bigl\vert {f}({x,t})-{g}( {x,t}) \bigr\vert , $$
(1.24)
Remark 1.4
If the two solutions in Theorem 1.3 are the viscous solutions of (1.1), i.e., and \(u_{\varepsilon}\), \(v_{\varepsilon}\) is the solution of regularized problem with the homogeneous boundary value (1.6) and with the differential initial values \(u_{0}\), \(v_{0}\), respectively. Then f, g in (1.21) is identical to 0 too. So (1.24) can be simplified to when u and v are two viscous solutions of equation (1.1).
$$u=\lim_{\varepsilon\rightarrow0}u_{\varepsilon}, \quad\quad v=\lim _{\varepsilon\rightarrow0}v_{\varepsilon}, $$
$$\begin{aligned}& \frac{\partial w}{\partial t} =\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \biggl(a^{ij}(w,x,t) \frac{\partial w}{\partial x_{j}} \biggr)+\varepsilon\Delta w+\frac {\partial b_{i}(w,x,t)}{\partial x_{i}}, \quad\text{in } Q_{T}, \end{aligned}$$
(1.25)
$$ \int_{\Omega} \bigl\vert u(x,t)-v(x,t) \bigr\vert \,dx\leq \int_{\Omega} \vert u_{0}-v_{0}\vert \,dx, $$
(1.26)
If \(a^{ij}(s,x,t)\equiv a^{ij}(s)\), \(b_{i}(s,x,t)\equiv b_{i}(s)\), the above definition and the theorems had been obtained by the author in [18]. Comparing with [18], the essential improvement lies in the following two points. First, when we prove the existence of the entropy solution, we need to add the condition (1.19), and the corresponding calculation becomes more difficult and some special techniques are used. Second, due to \(a^{ij}(s,x,t)\) and \(b_{i}(s,x,t)\) being dependent on \((x,t)\in Q_{T}\), when we discuss the stability of the entropy solution, to ensure Kruzkov bi-variables the method still can be used successfully; not only does it take us much time to find the additional condition (1.20), but also we fortunately find the following basic but profound observation: where \(\omega_{h}\) is the usual mollifier function. Moreover, some elegant partition techniques are ingeniously combined with Kruzkov bi-variables method, the corresponding calculation is much more complicated than that of [18] too.
$$\begin{aligned}& \lim_{h\rightarrow0}\omega_{h}'(s)s^{2+\delta}=0, \end{aligned}$$
(1.27)
The paper is arranged as follows. In the first section, we give the basic definition and the main results. In the second section, we give some basic concepts and properties of BV function, some lemmas are introduced and the needed estimate of the gradient of the approximate solutions is obtained, Theorem 1.2 is proved. In the third section, we will prove the stability of the entropy solutions by the Kruzkov bi-variable method. In the fourth section and the fifth section, we give a supplement to prove a lemma and a formula used before. In Appendix 1, we give a reasonable explanation of the boundary condition (1.13). In Appendix 2, we give some comments on Definition 1.1.
2 BV solution of the equation
Let us first introduce the concept of BV function according to Ref. [19].
Definition 2.1
Let \(\Omega\subset\mathbb {R}^{m}\) be an open set and let \(f\in L^{1}(\Omega)\). Define where \(\operatorname {div}g=\sum_{i=1}^{m}\frac{\partial g_{i}}{\partial x_{i}}\).
$$\begin{aligned}& \int_{\Omega} \vert Df\vert =\sup \biggl\{ \int_{\Omega}f \operatorname {div}g\,dx: g=(g_{1}, g_{2}, \ldots, g_{N})\in C^{1}_{0} \bigl(\Omega; \mathbb{R}^{m} \bigr), \bigl\vert g(x) \bigr\vert \leq1, x\in\Omega \biggr\} , \end{aligned}$$
(2.1)
Definition 2.2
A function of \(f\in L^{1}(\Omega)\) is said to have a bounded variation in Ω if We define \(\operatorname {BV}(\Omega)\) as the space of all functions in \(L^{1}(\Omega)\) with bounded variation.
$$\int_{\Omega} \vert Df\vert < \infty. $$
This is equivalent to the idea that the generalized derivatives of every function in \(\operatorname {BV}(\Omega)\) are regular measures on Ω. Under the norm
\(\operatorname {BV}(\Omega)\) is a Banach space.
$$\Vert f\Vert _{\mathrm{BV}}=\Vert f\Vert _{L^{1}}+ \int_{\Omega} \vert Df\vert , $$
Proposition 2.3
(Semicontinuity)
Let
\(\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}^{m}\)
be an open set and
\(\{f_{j}\}\)
a sequence of functions in
\(\operatorname {BV}(\Omega)\)
which converge in
\(L^{1}_{\mathit {loc}}(\Omega)\)
to a function
f. Then
$$\int_{\Omega} \vert Df\vert \leq\lim_{j\rightarrow\infty} \inf \int_{\Omega} \vert Df_{j}\vert . $$
Proposition 2.4
(Integration by part)
Let
and
\(f\in \operatorname {BV}(C^{+}_{R})\). Then there exists a function
\(f^{+}\in L^{1}(\mathscr{B}_{R})\)
such that for
\(H_{m-1}\)-almost all
\(y\in \mathscr{B}_{R}\),
Moreover, if
\(C_{R}=\mathscr{B}_{R}\times(-R, R)\), then for every
\(g\in C_{0}^{1}(C_{R}; \mathbb{R}^{m})\),
where
\(\mathscr{B}_{\rho}=\{x\in\mathbb{R}^{m};\vert x\vert <\rho \}\).
$$C^{+}_{R}=\mathscr{B}(0,R)\times(0,R)= \mathscr{B}_{R}\times(0,R) $$
$$\lim_{\rho\rightarrow 0}\rho^{-m} \int_{C^{+}_{\rho}(y)} \bigl\vert f(z)-f^{+}(y) \bigr\vert \,dz=0. $$
$$\begin{aligned}& \int_{C^{+}_{R}}f\operatorname {div}g\,dx=- \int_{C^{+}_{R}}\langle g, Df\rangle+ \int_{\mathscr{B}_{R}}f^{+}g\,dH_{m-1}, \end{aligned}$$
(2.2)
Remark 2.5
The function \(f^{+}\) is called the trace of f on \(\mathscr{B}_{R}\) and obviously
$$\begin{aligned}& f^{+}(y)=\lim_{\rho\rightarrow 0}\frac{1}{\vert C^{+}_{\rho}(y)\vert } \int_{C^{+}_{\rho}(y)}f(z)\,dz. \end{aligned}$$
(2.3)
In our paper, we consider the solution of equation (1.1) in \(\operatorname {BV}(Q_{T})\), where \(Q_{T}=\Omega\times(0,T)\), and the dimension of \(Q_{T}\) is \(m=N+1\).
Let \(\Gamma_{u}\) be the set of all jump points of \(u\in \operatorname {BV}(Q_{T})\), \(v=(v_{1}, v_{2}, \ldots, v_{N}, v_{N+1})\) be the normal of \(\Gamma_{u}\) at \(X=(x,t)\), \(u^{+}(X)\) and \(u^{-}(X)\) be the approximate limits of u at \(X\in\Gamma_{u}\) with respect to \((v,Y-X)>0\) and \((v,Y-X)<0\), respectively. For the continuous function \(p(u,x,t)\) and \(u\in \operatorname {BV}(Q_{T})\), define which is called the composite mean value of p. For a given t, we denote by \(\Gamma_{u}^{t}\), \(H^{t}\), \((v_{1}^{t}, \ldots,v_{N}^{t})\), and \(u_{\pm}^{t}\) all jump points of \(u(\cdot,t)\), the Hausdorff measure of \(\Gamma_{u}^{t}\), the unit normal vector of \(\Gamma_{u}^{t}\), and the asymptotic limit of \(u(\cdot,t)\), respectively. Moreover, if \(f(s)\in C^{1}( \mathbb{R})\), \(u\in \operatorname {BV}(Q_{T})\), then \(f(u)\in \operatorname {BV}(Q_{T})\) and
$$ \widehat{p}(u,x,t)= \int_{0}^{1}p \bigl(\tau u^{+}+(1- \tau)u^{-},x,t \bigr)\,d\tau, $$
(2.4)
$$ \frac{\partial f(u)}{\partial x_{i}}=\widehat{f^{\prime }}(u)\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_{i}}, \quad i=1,2, \ldots, N. $$
(2.5)
Lemma 2.6
([20])
Assume that
\(\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^{N}\)
is an open bounded set and let
\(f_{k}\), \(f\in L^{q}(\Omega)\), as
\(k\rightarrow\infty\), \(f_{k}\rightharpoonup f\)
weakly in
\(L^{q}(\Omega)\), \(1\leq q<\infty\). Then
$$ \lim_{k\rightarrow\infty}\inf \Vert f_{k}\Vert _{L^{q}(\Omega)}^{q}\geq \Vert f\Vert _{L^{q}(\Omega )}^{q}. $$
The solution of our problem will be obtained as a limit point of the family \(\{u_{\varepsilon}\}\) of solutions of the regularized problem with the compatible initial-boundary values (1.5)-(1.6).
$$\begin{aligned}& \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} =\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \biggl(a^{ij}(u,x,t) \frac{\partial u}{\partial x_{j}} \biggr)+\varepsilon\Delta u+\frac {\partial b_{i}(u,x,t)}{\partial x_{i}},\quad \text{in } Q_{T}, \end{aligned}$$
(2.6)
Lemma 2.7
([3])
Let
\(u_{\varepsilon}\)
be the solution of equation (2.6) with initial-boundary values (1.5)-(1.6). If the assumptions of Theorem
1.2
are true, then
with constants
\(c_{i}\), \(i=1, 2\)
independent of
ε.
$$\begin{aligned}& \varepsilon \int_{\Sigma} \biggl\vert \frac{\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial n} \biggr\vert \,d \sigma \leq c_{1}+c_{2} \biggl(\vert \nabla u_{\varepsilon} \vert _{L^{1}(\Omega)}+ \biggl\vert \frac{\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial t} \biggr\vert _{L^{1}(\Omega)} \biggr), \end{aligned}$$
(2.7)
Under the assumptions of A, \(b_{i}\) and \(u_{0}\) in Theorem 1.2, it is well known that there is a classical solution \(u_{\varepsilon}\) of the initial-boundary values problem (2.6)-(1.5)-(1.6), e.g. one may refer to Chapter 8 of [21].
We need to make some estimates for \(u_{\varepsilon}\). First of all, by the maximum principle, we have Second, let us make the BV estimates on \(u_{\varepsilon}\).
$$\vert u_{\varepsilon} \vert \leq \Vert u_{0}\Vert _{L^{\infty }} \leq c. $$
Theorem 2.8
Let
\(u_{\varepsilon}\)
be the solution of equation (2.6) with initial-boundary conditions (1.5)-(1.6). If the assumptions of Theorem
1.2
are true, then
where
\(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert ^{2}=\sum_{i=1}^{N}\vert \frac{\partial u}{\partial x_{i}}\vert ^{2}+\vert \frac{\partial u}{\partial t}\vert ^{2}\), c
is independent of
ε, and independent of
t.
$$\vert \operatorname {grad}u_{\varepsilon} \vert _{L^{1}(\Omega)}\leq c, $$
Proof
Differentiate (2.6) with respect to \(x_{s}\), \(s=1, 2, \ldots, N, N+1\), \(x_{N+1}=t\), and sum up for s after multiplying the resulting relation by \(u_{\varepsilon x_{s}}\frac{S_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u_{\varepsilon} \vert )}{\vert \operatorname {grad}u_{\varepsilon} \vert }\). In the following, we simply denote \(u_{\varepsilon}\) by u. Integrating over Ω yields
and, moreover, every term in the right-hand side of (2.9) can be handled as (2.10)-(2.12), respectively,
where \(\{n_{i}\}_{i=1}^{N}\) is the inner normal vector of Ω, \(\xi_{s}=u_{x_{s}}\). At the same time, and here we have \(b_{ix_{s}}(u,x,t)=\frac{\partial b_{i}(u,x,t)}{\partial x_{s}}\), \(b_{iu}(u,x,t)=\frac{\partial b_{i}(u,x,t)}{\partial u}\), and
$$\begin{aligned}& \int_{\Omega}\frac{\partial u_{x_{s}}}{\partial t}u_{x_{s}} \frac {S_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert } \,dx \,dx =\frac{d}{dt} \int_{\Omega}I_{\eta} \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr) \,dx, \end{aligned}$$
(2.8)
$$\begin{aligned}& \int_{\Omega}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{s}} \biggl[\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \biggl(a^{ij}(u,x,t)\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_{j}} \biggr) \biggr]u_{x_{s}} \frac{S_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert }\,dx \\& \quad= \int_{\Omega}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \bigl(a^{ij}_{u}(u,x,t)u_{x_{j}}u_{x_{s}}+a^{ij}_{x_{s}}(u,x,t)u_{x_{j}} \bigr)u_{ x_{s}} \frac{S_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert }\,dx \\& \quad\quad{} + \int_{\Omega}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \bigl(a^{ij}(u,x,t)u_{x_{j}x_{s}} \bigr)u_{x_{s}} \frac{S_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert }\,dx, \end{aligned}$$
(2.9)
$$\begin{aligned}& \int_{\Omega}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \bigl(a^{ij}_{u}(u,x,t)u_{x_{j}}u_{x_{s}} \bigr)u_{ x_{s}} \frac{S_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert }\,dx \\& \quad= \int_{\Omega}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \bigl(a^{ij}_{u}(u,x,t)u_{x_{j}} \bigr) \bigl[\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert S_{\eta } \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr)-I_{\eta} \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr) \bigr]\,dx \\& \quad\quad{} - \int_{\Sigma}a^{ij}_{u}(u,x,t)u_{x_{i}}n_{j}I_{\eta} \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr)\,d\sigma, \end{aligned}$$
(2.10)
$$\begin{aligned}& \int_{\Omega}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \bigl(a^{ij}_{x_{s}}(u,x,t)u_{x_{j}} \bigr)u_{x_{s}} \frac{S_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert }\,dx \\& \quad= \int_{\Omega}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \bigl(a^{ij}_{x_{s}}(u,x,t)u_{x_{j}} \bigr)\frac{\partial}{\partial\xi _{s}}I_{\eta} \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr)\,dx \\& \quad=- \int_{\Sigma}a^{ij}_{x_{s}}(u,x,t)u_{x_{j}}n_{i} \frac{\partial }{\partial\xi_{s}}I_{\eta} \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr)\,d\sigma \\& \quad\quad{} - \int_{\Omega}a^{ij}_{x_{s}}(u,x,t)u_{x_{j}} \frac{\partial ^{2}I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\partial\xi_{s}\,\partial\xi _{p}} u_{x_{p}x_{i}}\,dx, \end{aligned}$$
(2.11)
$$\begin{aligned}& \int_{\Omega}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \bigl(a^{ij}(u,x,t)u_{x_{j}x_{s}} \bigr)u_{x_{s}} \frac{S_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert }\,dx \\& \quad= \int_{\Omega}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \bigl(a^{ij}(u,x,t)u_{x_{j}x_{s}} \bigr)\frac{\partial}{\partial\xi _{s}}I_{\eta} \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr)\,dx \\& \quad=- \int_{\Sigma}a^{ij}(u,x,t)u_{x_{i}x_{s}}n_{j} \frac{\partial }{\partial\xi_{s}}I_{\eta} \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr)\,d\sigma \\& \quad\quad{} - \int_{\Omega}a^{ij}(u,x,t)\frac{\partial^{2}I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\partial\xi_{s}\,\partial\xi_{p}} u_{x_{s}x_{i}}u_{x_{p}x_{j}}\,dx, \end{aligned}$$
(2.12)
$$\begin{aligned}& \varepsilon \int_{\Omega}\Delta u_{x_{s}}u_{ x_{s}} \frac{S_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert }\,dx \\& \quad =-\varepsilon \int_{\Sigma}\frac{\partial I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\partial x_{i}}n_{i}\,d\sigma- \varepsilon \int_{\Omega}\frac{\partial^{2}I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\partial\xi_{s}\,\partial\xi_{p}} u_{x_{s}x_{i}}u_{x_{p}x_{i}} \, dx \end{aligned}$$
(2.13)
$$\begin{aligned}& \int_{\Omega}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \bigl[b_{iu}(u,x,t)u_{x_{s}}+b_{ix_{s}}(u,x,t) \bigr]u_{ x_{s}}\frac{S_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert }\,dx \\& \quad= \int_{\Omega}\frac{\partial (b_{iu}(u,x,t)u_{x_{s}})}{\partial x_{i}}u_{ x_{s}} \frac{S_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert } \,dx + \int_{\Omega}\frac{\partial b_{ix_{s}}(u,x,t)}{\partial x_{i}}u_{ x_{s}} \frac{S_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert } \,dx, \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned}& \int_{\Omega}\frac{\partial b_{iu}(u,x,t)u_{x_{s}}}{\partial x_{i}}u_{ x_{s}} \frac{S_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert } \,dx \\& \quad= \int_{\Omega}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \bigl(b_{iu}(u,x,t) \bigr) \vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert S_{\eta} \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr) \,dx + \int_{\Omega}b_{iu}(u,x,t)\frac{\partial I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\partial x_{i}}\,dx \\& \quad= \int_{\Omega}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \bigl(b_{iu}(u,x,t) \bigr) \bigl[\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert S_{\eta} \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u \vert \bigr)-I_{\eta} \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr) \bigr]\,dx \\& \quad\quad{} - \int_{\Sigma}b_{iu}(u,x,t)I_{\eta} \bigl( \vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr)n_{i}\,d\sigma. \end{aligned}$$
(2.14)
From (2.8)-(2.14), by the assumption \(a^{ij}(0,x,t)=0\), and so we have Now, if we set where \((q^{sp})\) is the square root of \((\frac{\partial ^{2}I_{\eta}}{\partial\xi_{s}\,\partial\xi_{p}} )\), then By the assumption then
$$a^{ij}_{x_{s}}(0,x,t)=0,\quad(x,t)\in Q_{T}, $$
$$\begin{aligned}& \frac{d}{dt} \int_{\Omega}I_{\eta} \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr) \,dx \\& \quad= \int_{\Omega }\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \bigl(a^{ij}_{u}(u,x,t)u_{x_{j}} \bigr) \bigl[\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert S_{\eta } \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr)-I_{\eta} \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr) \bigr]\,dx \\& \quad\quad{} - \int_{\Omega}a^{ij}(u,x,t)\frac{\partial^{2}I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\partial\xi_{s}\,\partial\xi_{p}} u_{x_{s}x_{i}}u_{x_{p}x_{j}}\,dx-\varepsilon \int_{\Omega}\frac {\partial^{2}I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\partial\xi_{s}\, \partial\xi_{p}} u_{x_{s}x_{i}}u_{x_{p}x_{i}} \,dx \\& \quad\quad{}+ \int_{\Omega}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \bigl(b_{iu}(u,x,t) \bigr) \bigl[\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert S_{\eta} \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u \vert \bigr)-I_{\eta} \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr) \bigr]\,dx \\& \quad\quad{}- \int_{\Sigma}a^{ij}_{u}(u,x,t)u_{x_{i}}n_{j}I_{\eta} \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr)\,d\sigma- \int_{\Sigma }a^{ij}_{x_{s}}(u,x,t)u_{x_{j}}u_{x_{s}}n_{i} \frac{S_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert }\,dx \\& \quad\quad{}- \int_{\Sigma}b_{iu}(u,x,t)I_{\eta} \bigl( \vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr)n_{i}\,d\sigma \\& \quad\quad{}- \int_{\Sigma}a^{ij}(u,x,t)\frac{\partial I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\partial x_{j}}n_{i} \,d\sigma -\varepsilon \int_{\Sigma}\frac{\partial I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\partial x_{i}}n_{i}\,d \sigma. \end{aligned}$$
(2.15)
$$\left ( \textstyle\begin{array}{c} v_{1}^{i}\\ v_{2}^{i}\\ \vdots\\ v_{N+1}^{i} \end{array}\displaystyle \right ) =\left ( \textstyle\begin{array}{@{}c@{\quad}c@{\quad}c@{\quad}c@{}} q^{1 1}&q^{1 2}&\cdots&q_{1 N+1}\\ q^{2 1}&q^{2 2}&\cdots&q_{2 N+1}\\ \vdots\\ q^{N+1 1}&q^{N+1 2}&\cdots&q_{N=1 N+1} \end{array}\displaystyle \right ) \left ( \textstyle\begin{array}{c} u_{x_{1}x_{i}}\\ u_{x_{2}x_{i}}\\ \vdots\\ u_{x_{N+1}x_{i}} \end{array}\displaystyle \right ), $$
$$\begin{aligned} \biggl\vert a^{ij}_{x_{s}}u_{x_{j}} \frac{\partial^{2}I_{\eta}}{\partial\xi _{s}\,\partial\xi_{p}}u_{x_{p}x_{i}} \biggr\vert =& \left \vert \bigl(a^{ij}_{x_{1}}u_{x_{j}},a^{ij}_{x_{2}}u_{x_{j}}, \ldots,a^{ij}_{x_{N+1}}u_{x_{j}} \bigr) \bigl(q^{sp} \bigr)\left ( \textstyle\begin{array}{c} v_{1}^{i}\\ v_{2}^{i}\\ \vdots\\ v_{N+1}^{i} \end{array}\displaystyle \right ) \right \vert = \bigl\vert a^{ij}_{x_{s}}u_{x_{j}}q^{sp}v_{p}^{i} \bigr\vert \\ \leq&\sum_{j=1}^{N} \Biggl[ \delta\sum _{s,p=1}^{N+1} \bigl(a^{ij}_{x_{s}}v_{p}^{i} \bigr)^{2}+\frac{1}{4\delta}\sum_{s,p=1}^{N+1} \bigl(q^{sp}u_{x_{j}} \bigr)^{2} \Biggr]. \end{aligned}$$
$$a^{ij}(u,x,t)\xi_{i}\xi_{j}-\delta\sum _{s=1}^{N+1}\sum_{j=1}^{N} \bigl(a^{ij}_{x_{s}}\xi_{j} \bigr)^{2} \geq0, $$
$$\begin{aligned}& \int_{\Omega} a^{ij}(u,x,t)u_{x_{s}x_{i}}u_{x_{p}x_{j}} \frac{\partial^{2} I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\partial\xi_{s}\,\partial\xi_{p}} \,dx - \int_{\Omega}a^{ij}_{x_{s}}(u,x,t)u_{x_{j}} \frac{\partial^{2} I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\partial \xi_{s}\,\partial\xi_{p}}u_{x_{p}x_{i}}\,dx \\& \quad\geq-\frac{1}{4\delta} \int_{\Omega}\sum_{s,p=1}^{N+1} \sum_{j=1}^{N} \bigl(q^{sp}u_{x_{j}} \bigr)^{2}\,dx\geq-c \int_{\Omega} \vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert ^{2} \,dx. \end{aligned}$$
(2.16)
We will use the fact that, on Σ, \(u=0\), to calculate the surface integrals in (2.15). Equation (2.17) involves the derivatives on the boundary; let us give some explanation in terms of the concept of the local coordinates. Let \(\delta_{0}>0\) be small enough that where \(V_{\tau}\) is a region, on which one can introduce local coordinates with \(F^{k}_{\tau}\) appropriately smooth and \(F^{N}_{\tau}=F^{N}_{l}\), such that the \(y_{N}\)-axis coincides with the normal vector. Since the domain is bounded, there exists finite \(V_{\tau}\), \(\tau=1,2,\ldots, n\), such that \(\bigcup_{\tau=1}^{n}V_{\tau} \supset\Sigma\).
$$\begin{aligned}& -b_{iu}(0,x,t)\frac{\partial u}{\partial n}n_{i}=\varepsilon\Delta u+\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \biggl(a^{ij}(u,x,t)\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_{j}} \biggr)+ \frac{\partial b_{i}(u,x,t)}{\partial x_{i}}, \end{aligned}$$
(2.17)
$$E^{\delta_{0}}= \bigl\{ x\in\bar{\Omega}; \operatorname {dist}(x, \Sigma)\leq \delta_{0} \bigr\} \subset\bigcup_{\tau=1}^{n}V_{\tau}, $$
$$y_{k}=F^{k}_{\tau}(x) \quad(k=1, 2, \ldots, N), y_{N}\vert_{\Sigma}=0, $$
Using these local coordinates on \(V_{\tau}\), \(\tau=1,2,\ldots, n\), by elementary computations (refer to [3]), we obtain on \(\Sigma\cap V_{\tau}\), By this formula, what (2.17) means is clear.
$$\begin{aligned}& u_{x_{i}x_{j}}=\sum_{k=1}^{N}u_{y_{N}y_{k}}F^{N}_{x_{i}}F^{k}_{x_{j}} +\sum_{k=1}^{N-1}u_{y_{N}y_{k}}F^{N}_{x_{i}}F^{k}_{x_{j}}+ u_{y_{m}}F^{m}_{x_{i}x_{j}}. \end{aligned}$$
(2.18)
Moreover, by (2.17), the surface integrals in (2.15) can be rewritten as
$$\begin{aligned} S =&- \biggl[ \int_{\Sigma}b_{iu}(u,x,t)I_{\eta} \bigl( \vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr)n_{i}\,d\sigma+ \int_{\Sigma}a^{ij}(u,x,t)\frac{\partial I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\partial x_{j}}n_{i} \,d\sigma \\ &{}+\varepsilon \int_{\Sigma}\frac{\partial I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\partial x_{i}}n_{i}\,d\sigma+ \int_{\Sigma }a^{ij}_{u}(u,x,t)u_{x_{i}}n_{j}I_{\eta} \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr)\,d\sigma \biggr] \\ =& \int_{\Sigma}b_{ix_{i}}(0,x,t)\frac{ I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\frac{\partial u}{\partial n}} \, d \sigma- \varepsilon \int_{\Sigma} \biggl[\frac{\partial I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\partial x_{i}}n_{i}-\Delta u \frac{I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\frac{\partial u}{\partial n}} \biggr]\,d\sigma \\ &{}+ \int_{\Sigma}a^{ij}(0,x,t) \biggl[\frac{\partial I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\partial x_{i}}n_{j}- u_{x_{i}x_{j}} \frac{I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\frac{\partial u}{\partial n}} \biggr]\,d\sigma \\ &{}+ \int_{\Sigma}a_{x_{j}}^{ij}(0,x,t)u_{x_{j}} \frac{ I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\frac{\partial u}{\partial n}} \, d\sigma+ \int_{\Sigma}a_{x_{s}}^{ij}(0,x,t)u_{x_{j}}u_{x_{s}} \frac{S_{\eta }(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert }n_{i} \,d\sigma \\ =& \int_{\Sigma}b_{ix_{i}}(0,x,t)\frac{I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\frac{\partial u}{\partial n}} \,d\sigma- \varepsilon \int_{\Sigma} \biggl[\frac{\partial I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\partial x_{i}}n_{i}-\Delta u \frac{I_{\eta}(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert )}{\frac{\partial u}{\partial n}} \biggr]\,d\sigma. \end{aligned}$$
Since we have Noticing that in which \(F^{k}=F^{k}_{\tau}\), by the fact that the normal vector is we have Using Lemma 2.7, one is able to deduce that \(\lim_{\eta \rightarrow 0}S\) can be estimated by \(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert _{L_{1}(\Omega)}\).
$$u_{x_{N+1}}\vert_{\Sigma}=u_{t}\vert _{\Sigma}=0, $$
$$\lim_{\eta\rightarrow 0}S= \int_{\Sigma}b_{ix_{i}}(0,x,t)\operatorname {sgn}\biggl( \frac{\partial u}{\partial n} \biggr)\,d\sigma+\varepsilon \int_{\Sigma} \operatorname {sgn}\biggl(\frac{\partial u}{\partial n} \biggr) (u_{x_{s}x_{i}}n_{i}n_{s}-\Delta u)\,d\sigma. $$
$$u_{x_{i}x_{j}}n_{j}n_{i}=\frac{\sum_{k=1}^{N}u_{y_{N}y_{k}}F^{N}_{x_{i}}F^{k}_{x_{j}}F^{N}_{x_{j}}F^{N}_{x_{i}}}{ \vert \operatorname {grad}F^{N}\vert ^{2}}+\sum _{k=1}^{N-1}u_{y_{N}y_{k}}F^{k}_{x_{i}}F^{N}_{x_{j}} +\frac{u_{y_{m}}F^{m}_{x_{i}x_{j}}F^{N}_{x_{j}}F^{N}_{x_{i}}}{\vert \operatorname {grad}F^{N}\vert ^{2}} $$
$$\vec{n}= \biggl(\frac{\partial F^{N}}{\partial x_{1}},\ldots, \frac {\partial F^{N}}{\partial x_{N}} \biggr)=\operatorname {grad}F^{N}, $$
$$u_{x_{i}x_{j}}n_{j}n_{i}-\Delta u=u_{y_{m}} \biggl(\frac{F^{m}_{x_{i}x_{j}}F^{N}_{x_{j}}F^{N}_{x_{i}}}{\vert \operatorname {grad}F^{N}\vert ^{2}}-F^{m}_{x_{i}x_{i}} \biggr). $$
Thus, letting \(\eta\rightarrow0\) in (2.15), and noticing that using the fact of that \(\lim_{\eta\rightarrow0}S\) can be estimated by \(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert _{L_{1}(\Omega)}\), we have by the well-known Gronwall lemma, we have By (2.19), it is easy to show that □
$$\lim_{\eta\rightarrow 0} \bigl[\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert S_{\eta} \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr)- I_{\eta} \bigl(\vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \bigr) \bigr]=0, $$
$$\frac{d}{dt} \int_{\Omega} \vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \,dx\leq c_{1}+c_{2} \int_{\Omega} \vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \,dx, $$
$$\begin{aligned}& \int_{\Omega} \vert \operatorname {grad}u\vert \,dx\,dt\leq c. \end{aligned}$$
(2.19)
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}}a^{ij}(u,x,t) u_{x_{i}}u_{x_{j}} \,dx\,dt \leq c. \end{aligned}$$
(2.20)
Now we put back the solution of equation (2.6) as \(u_{\varepsilon}\). Then by (2.19)-(2.20), there exist a subsequence \(\{ u_{\varepsilon _{n}}\}\) of \(u_{\varepsilon}\) and a function \(u\in \operatorname {BV}(Q_{T})\cap L^{\infty }(Q_{T})\) such that \(u_{\varepsilon_{n}}\rightarrow u\) a.e. on \(Q_{T}\), we can simply denote this subsequence as \(\{\varepsilon\}\) itself; there exist functions \(g^{i}\in L^{2}(Q_{T})\) and a subsequence of \(\{\varepsilon\}\), such that, when \(\varepsilon\rightarrow0\),
$$\begin{aligned}& \widehat{\gamma^{ij}}\frac{\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial x_{j}}\rightharpoonup g^{i}, \quad\text{in } L^{2}(Q_{T}). \end{aligned}$$
Proof of Theorem 1.2
We now prove that u is a generalized solution of (1.1)-(1.5)-(1.13). Let \(\varphi\in C^{2}(\overline{Q_{T}})\), \(\varphi_{1}\geq 0\), \(\operatorname {supp}\varphi\subset\overline{\Omega}\times(0,T)\), \(\nabla \varphi_{1}\vert_{\Omega}=0\), and \(\{n_{i}\}\) be the inner normal vector of Ω. Multiply equation (2.6) by \(\varphi_{1}S_{\eta}(u_{\varepsilon}-k)\), and integrate over \(Q_{T}\), to obtain Let us calculate every term in (2.21) by the partial integration method. We have
and
From (2.21)-(2.26), we have
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}}\frac{\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial t}\varphi_{1}S_{\eta}(u_{\varepsilon }-k) \,dx\,dt \\& \quad= \iint_{Q_{T}}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \biggl(a^{ij}(u_{\varepsilon}) \frac{\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial x_{j}} \biggr)\varphi_{1}S_{\eta }(u_{\varepsilon}-k) \,dx\,dt \\& \quad\quad{} +\varepsilon \iint_{Q_{T}}\Delta u_{\varepsilon}\varphi_{1}S_{\eta }(u_{\varepsilon}-k) \,dx\,dt + \iint_{Q_{T}}\frac{\partial b_{i}(u_{\varepsilon},x,t)}{\partial x_{i}}\varphi_{1}S_{\eta }(u_{\varepsilon}-k) \,dx\,dt. \end{aligned}$$
(2.21)
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}}\frac{\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial t}\varphi_{1}S_{\eta}(u_{\varepsilon }-k) \,dx\,dt=- \iint_{Q_{T}}I_{\eta}(u_{\varepsilon}-k)\varphi _{1t}\,dx\,dt, \end{aligned}$$
(2.22)
$$\begin{aligned}& \varepsilon \iint_{Q_{T}}\Delta u_{\varepsilon}\varphi_{1}S_{\eta}(u_{\epsilon }-k) \,dx\,dt \\& \quad=- \varepsilon \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma}\nabla u_{\varepsilon}\cdot\vec{n} \varphi_{1}S_{\eta}(u_{\epsilon}-k)\,dt\,d\sigma \\& \quad\quad{} -\varepsilon \iint_{Q_{T}}\nabla u_{\varepsilon} \bigl[S_{\eta }(u_{\varepsilon}-k) \nabla\varphi_{1}+\varphi_{1}S_{\eta}^{\prime }(u_{\varepsilon}-k) \nabla u_{\varepsilon} \bigr]\,dx\,dt \\& \quad=\varepsilon S_{\eta}(k) \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma}\nabla u_{\varepsilon}\cdot\vec{n} \varphi_{1}\,dt\,d\sigma-\varepsilon \iint_{Q_{T}}\nabla u_{\varepsilon }S_{\eta}(u_{\varepsilon}-k) \nabla\varphi_{1}\,dx\,dt \\& \quad\quad{} -\varepsilon \iint_{Q_{T}}\vert \nabla u_{\varepsilon }\vert ^{2}S_{\eta}^{\prime}(u_{\varepsilon}-k) \varphi_{1}\,dx\,dt, \end{aligned}$$
(2.23)
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \biggl(a^{ij}(u_{\varepsilon},x,t) \frac{\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial x_{j}} \biggr)\varphi_{1}S_{\eta }(u_{\varepsilon}-k) \,dx\,dt \\& \quad=S_{\eta }(k) \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma}a^{ij}(u_{\varepsilon},x,t) \frac {\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial x_{j}}n_{i}\varphi_{1}\,dt\,d\sigma \\& \quad\quad {}- \iint_{Q_{T}}a^{ij}(u_{\varepsilon},x,t) \frac {\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial x_{j}} \bigl[S_{\eta}(u_{\varepsilon}-k) \varphi_{1x_{i}} +\varphi_{1}S_{\eta}^{\prime}(u_{\varepsilon }-k)u_{\varepsilon x_{i}} \bigr]\,dx\,dt \\& \quad=S_{\eta}(k) \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma}a^{ij}(u_{\varepsilon },x,t) \frac{\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial x_{j}}n_{i}\varphi_{1}\,dt\,d\sigma- \iint_{Q_{T}}a^{ij}(u_{\varepsilon},x,t) \frac{\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial x_{j}}S_{\eta}(u_{\varepsilon}-k) \varphi _{1x_{i}} \,dx\,dt \\& \quad\quad{} - \iint_{Q_{T}}a^{ij}(u_{\varepsilon},x,t)u_{\varepsilon x_{i} }u_{\varepsilon x_{j}}S_{\eta}^{\prime}(u_{\varepsilon}-k) \varphi_{1}\,dx\,dt, \end{aligned}$$
(2.24)
$$\begin{aligned}& - \iint_{Q_{T}}a^{ij}(u_{\varepsilon},x,t) \frac{\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial x_{j}}S_{\eta}(u_{\varepsilon}-k) \varphi _{1x_{i}} \,dx\,dt \\& \quad= \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{k}^{u_{\varepsilon }}a^{ij}_{x_{j}}(s,x,t)S_{\eta}(s-k) \,ds \varphi_{1x_{i}}\,dx\,dt \\& \quad\quad{} + \iint_{Q_{T}}A^{ij}_{\eta}(u_{\varepsilon},x,t,k) \varphi_{1x_{i}x_{j}}\,dx\,dt+ \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma} A^{ij}_{\eta}(u_{\varepsilon},k) \varphi_{1x_{i}}n_{j}\,dt\,d\sigma, \end{aligned}$$
(2.25)
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}}\frac{\partial b_{i}(u_{\varepsilon },x,t)}{\partial x_{i}}\varphi_{1}S_{\eta}(u_{\varepsilon}-k) \,dx\,dt \\& \quad=- \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma} \bigl[b_{i}(u_{\varepsilon },x,t)-b(k,x,t) \bigr]n_{i}\varphi_{1}S_{\eta}(u_{\varepsilon}-k)\,dt \,d \sigma \\& \quad\quad{} - \iint_{Q_{T}} \bigl[b_{i}(u_{\varepsilon },x,t)-b_{i}(k,x,t) \bigr] \biggl[\frac{\partial\varphi_{1}}{\partial x_{i}}S_{\eta }(u_{\varepsilon}-k) + \varphi_{1}S_{\eta}^{\prime }(u_{\varepsilon}-k) \frac{\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial x_{i}} \biggr]\,dx\,dt \\& \quad=-S_{\eta}(k) \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma}\varphi_{1} \bigl[b_{i}(0,x,t)-b_{i}(k,x,t) \bigr]n_{i}\,d\sigma\,dt \\& \quad\quad{} - \iint_{Q_{T}}B_{\eta}^{i}(u_{\varepsilon},x,t,k) \varphi_{1x_{i}}\,dx\,dt. \end{aligned}$$
(2.26)
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}}I_{\eta}(u_{\varepsilon}-k)\varphi _{1t}\,dx\,dt+ \iint_{Q_{T}}A^{ij}_{\eta}(u_{\varepsilon },x,t,k) \varphi_{1x_{i}x_{j}}\,dx\,dt- \iint_{Q_{T}}B_{\eta}^{i}(u_{\varepsilon },x,t,k) \varphi_{1x_{i}}\,dx\,dt \\& \quad{} -\varepsilon \iint_{Q_{T}}\nabla u_{\varepsilon}\cdot\nabla \varphi_{1}S_{\eta}(u_{\varepsilon }-k)\,dx\,dt-\varepsilon \iint_{Q_{T}}\vert \nabla u_{\varepsilon} \vert ^{2}S_{\eta}^{\prime }(u_{\varepsilon }-k) \varphi_{1}\,dx\,dt \\& \quad{} - \iint_{Q_{T}}a^{ij}(u_{\varepsilon},x,t) u_{\varepsilon x_{i}}u_{\varepsilon x_{j}}S_{\eta}^{\prime}(u_{\varepsilon }-k) \varphi_{1}\,dx\,dt \\& \quad{} + \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{k}^{u_{\varepsilon }}a^{ij}_{x_{j}}(s,x,t)S_{\eta}(s-k) \,ds \varphi_{1x_{i}}\,dx\,dt \\& \quad{} +S_{\eta}(k) \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma}\!\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}}\bigl(a^{ij}(u_{\varepsilon},x,t)\bigr)n_{i}u_{\varepsilon x_{j}} \varphi_{1}\,dt\,d\sigma+ S_{\eta}(k) \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma}A^{ij}_{\eta}(0,x,t,k) \varphi_{1x_{i}} n_{j}\,dt\,d\sigma \\& \quad{} +\varepsilon S_{\eta}(k) \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma}\nabla u_{\varepsilon}\cdot\vec{n} \varphi_{1}\,dt\,d\sigma+S_{\eta }(k) \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma_{1\eta k}} \bigl[b_{i}(0,x,t)-b_{i}(k,x,t) \bigr]n_{i}\varphi_{1}\,dt\,d\sigma \\& \quad{} +S_{\eta}(k) \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma_{2\eta k}} \bigl[b_{i}(0,x,t)-b_{i}(k,x,t) \bigr]n_{i}\varphi_{1}\,dt\,d\sigma=0. \end{aligned}$$
(2.27)
Taking \(\varphi_{2}\in C^{2}(\bar{Q}_{T})\), \(\varphi_{1}\vert _{\partial\Omega\times[0,T]}=\varphi_{2}\vert_{\partial \Omega\times[0,T]}\), \(\operatorname {supp}\varphi_{2}\subset \bar{\Omega}\times(0,T)\),
$$\begin{aligned}& S_{\eta }(k) \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma}a^{ij}(u_{\varepsilon},x,t)n_{i} \frac {\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial x_{j}}\varphi_{1}\,dt\,d\sigma+\varepsilon S_{\eta}(k) \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma}\nabla u_{\varepsilon}\cdot\vec{n} \varphi_{1}\,dt\,d\sigma \\& \quad=S_{\eta}(k) \biggl\{ -\varepsilon \iint_{Q_{T}}\frac{\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial x_{i}}\frac{\partial\varphi _{2}}{\partial x_{i}}\,dx\,dt - \iint_{Q_{T}} a^{ij}(u_{\varepsilon},x,t) \frac{\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial x_{j}}\varphi_{2x_{i}}\,dx\,dt \\& \quad\quad{} + \iint_{Q_{T}}\frac{\partial b_{i}(0,x,t)}{\partial x_{i}}\varphi_{2}\,dx\,dt - \iint_{Q_{T}} \bigl(b_{i}(u_{\varepsilon },x,t)-b_{i}(0,x,t) \bigr)\frac{\partial\varphi _{2}}{\partial x_{i}}\,dx\,dt \\& \quad\quad{} + \iint_{Q_{T}}u_{\varepsilon }\frac{\partial\varphi_{2}}{\partial t}\,dx\,dt- \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma} \bigl[b_{i}(0,x,t)-b_{i}(0,x,t) \bigr]n_{i}\varphi_{2}\,dt\,d\sigma \biggr\} , \end{aligned}$$
(2.28)
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}}a^{ij}(u_{\varepsilon},x,t)\varphi _{2x_{i}}\frac{\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial x_{j}}\,dx\,dt \\& \quad=- \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma }A^{ij}(0,x,t)\varphi_{2x_{i}}n_{j} \,dt\,d \sigma \\& \quad\quad{} - \iint_{Q_{T}}A^{ij}(u_{\varepsilon},x,t) \varphi_{2x_{i}x_{j}}\,dx\,dt- \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{0}^{u_{\varepsilon}}a^{ij}_{x_{j}}(s,x,t) \,ds \varphi_{2x_{i}}\,dx\,dt \\& \quad =- \iint_{Q_{T}}A^{ij}(u_{\varepsilon},x,t) \varphi_{2x_{i}x_{j}}\,dx\,dt- \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{0}^{u_{\varepsilon}}a^{ij}_{x_{j}}(s,x,t) \,ds \varphi_{2x_{i}}\,dx\,dt . \end{aligned}$$
(2.29)
For \(\nabla\varphi_{1}\vert_{\Sigma}=0\), and by \(a^{ij}(0,x,t)=0\), from (2.27)-(2.29), we have By Lemma 2.6, Let \(\varepsilon\rightarrow0\) in (2.30). By (2.31), we get (1.16) and (1.17) is naturally concealed in the limiting process.
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}}I_{\eta}(u_{\varepsilon}-k)\varphi _{1t}\,dx\,dt+ \iint_{Q_{T}}A^{ij}_{\eta}(u_{\varepsilon },x,t,k) \varphi_{1x_{i}x_{j}} \,dx\,dt- \iint_{Q_{T}}B_{\eta}^{i}(u_{\varepsilon },x,t,k) \varphi_{1x_{i}}\,dx\,dt \\& \quad{} + \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{0}^{u_{\varepsilon }}a^{ij}_{x_{j}}(s,x,t)S_{\eta}(s-k) \,ds \varphi_{1x_{i}}\,dx\,dt \\& \quad{} +S_{\eta}(k) \biggl[-\varepsilon \iint_{Q_{T}}\frac{\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial x_{i}}\frac{\partial\varphi_{2}}{\partial x_{i}}\,dx\,dt + \iint_{Q_{T}}A^{ij}(u_{\varepsilon},x,t)\varphi _{2x_{i}x_{j}}\,dx\,dt \\& \quad{} + \iint_{Q_{T}}\frac{\partial b_{i}(0,x,t)}{\partial x_{i}}\varphi_{2}\,dx\,dt \\& \quad{} - \iint_{Q_{T}} \bigl[b_{i}(u_{\varepsilon },x,t)-b_{i}(0,x,t) \bigr]\frac{\partial\varphi_{2}}{\partial x_{i}}\,dx\,dt+ \iint_{Q_{T}}u_{\varepsilon}\frac{\partial \varphi_{2}}{\partial t}\,dx\,dt \biggr] \\& \quad{}+S_{\eta}(k) \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{0}^{u_{\varepsilon }}a^{ij}_{x_{j}}(s,x,t) \,ds \varphi_{2x_{i}}\,dx\,dt \\& \quad{}-\varepsilon \iint_{Q_{T}}\nabla u_{\varepsilon}\cdot\nabla \varphi_{1}S_{\eta}(u_{\varepsilon }-k)\,dx\,dt- \iint_{Q_{T}}a^{ij}(u_{\varepsilon},x,t) u_{\varepsilon x_{i}}u_{\varepsilon x_{j}}S_{\eta}^{\prime}(u_{\varepsilon}-k) \varphi_{1}\,dx\,dt \\& \quad{} +S_{\eta }(k) \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma_{1\eta k}} \bigl[(b_{i}(0)-b_{i}(k) \bigr]n_{i}\varphi_{1}\,dt\,d\sigma\geq0. \end{aligned}$$
(2.30)
$$\begin{aligned}& \lim\inf_{\varepsilon\rightarrow0} \iint_{Q_{T}}S_{\eta}^{\prime}(u_{\varepsilon }-k)a^{ij}(u_{\varepsilon},x,t) \frac{\partial u_{\varepsilon }}{\partial x_{i}}\frac{\partial u_{\varepsilon}}{\partial x_{j}}\varphi_{1}\, dx\,dt \\& \quad \geq\sum_{i=1}^{N} \iint_{Q_{T}} \bigl\vert g^{i} \bigr\vert ^{2}S_{\eta}^{\prime}(u-k) \varphi_{1}\,dx \,dt. \end{aligned}$$
(2.31)
The proof of (1.18) is similar to that in [15, 22], we omit the details here. □
3 Proof of Theorem 1.3
Lemma 3.1
Let
u
be a solution of equation (1.1). Then
is true in the sense of Hausdorff measure
\(H_{N}(\Gamma_{u})\).
$$ \int_{u^{-}}^{u^{+}}\gamma^{ij}(s,x,t)\,ds\cdot v_{i}=0,\quad \textit{a.e. }(x,t) \textit{ on } \Gamma_{u}, j=1,2,\ldots, N, $$
The proof is given in Section 5 as follows.
Proof of Theorem 1.3
Let u, v be two entropy solutions of equation (1.1) with different initial values and with the same homogeneous boundary value \(\gamma u(x,t)=\gamma v(x,t)=0\), \((x,t)\in\Sigma_{1}\times(0,T)\).
$$ u(x,0)=u_{0}(x),\quad\quad v(x,0)=v_{0}(x), $$
(3.1)
By Definition 1.1, for any \(\varphi_{1},\varphi_{2}\in C^{2}(\overline{Q _{T}})\), \(\varphi_{1}\geq0\), \(\varphi_{1}\vert _{\partial\Omega\times[0,T]}=\varphi_{2}\vert_{\partial \Omega\times[0,T]}\), \(\operatorname {supp}\varphi_{2}, \operatorname {supp}\varphi _{1}\subset\overline{\Omega}\times(0,T)\), \(\eta>0\), \(k,l\in \mathbb{R}\), we have
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}} \Biggl[I_{\eta}(u-k)\varphi_{1t}-B_{\eta }^{i}(u,x,t,k) \varphi_{1x_{i}}+A^{ij}_{\eta}(u,x,t,k) \varphi_{1x_{i}x_{j}} \\& \quad{} -S_{\eta}^{\prime}(u-k)\sum_{i=1}^{N} \bigl\vert g^{i}(u,x,t) \bigr\vert ^{2} \varphi_{1} \Biggr] \,dx\,dt + \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{k}^{u}a^{ij}_{x_{j}}(s,x,t)S_{\eta }(s-k) \,ds \varphi_{1x_{i}}\,dx\,dt \\& \quad{} +S_{\eta}(k) \bigl[b_{i}(0,x,t)-b_{i}(k,x,t) \bigr] \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma _{1\eta k}} \varphi_{1}n_{i}\,dt\,d\sigma \\& \quad{} +S_{\eta}(k) \iint_{Q_{T}} \biggl[u\varphi_{2t}- \bigl(b_{i}(u,x,t)-b_{i}(0,x,t) \bigr)\varphi_{2x_{i}} \\& \quad{} +A^{ij}(u,x,t)\varphi_{2x_{i}x_{j}}+\frac{\partial b_{i}(0,x,t)}{\partial x_{i}} \varphi_{2}+ \int_{0}^{u}a^{ij}_{x_{j}}(s,x,t) \,ds \varphi_{2x_{i}} \biggr]\,dx\,dt\geq0, \end{aligned}$$
(3.2)
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}} \Biggl[I_{\eta}(v-l)\varphi_{1\tau}-B_{\eta }^{i}(v,y, \tau,l)\varphi_{1y_{i}}+A^{ij}_{\eta}(v,y,\tau,l) \varphi _{1y_{i}y_{j}} \\& \quad{} -S_{\eta}^{\prime}(v-l)\sum_{i=1}^{N} \bigl\vert g^{i}(v,y,\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2} \varphi_{1} \Biggr]\,dy\,d\tau + \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{l}^{v}a^{ij}_{y_{j}}(s,y, \tau)S_{\eta }(s-l)\,ds\varphi_{1y_{i}}\,dx\,dt \\& \quad{} +S_{\eta}(l) \bigl[b_{i}(0,y,\tau)-b_{i}(l,y, \tau) \bigr] \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Sigma_{1\eta k}} \varphi_{1}n_{i}\,d\tau\,d \sigma \\& \quad{} +S_{\eta}(l) \iint_{Q_{T}} \biggl[v\varphi_{2\tau }- \bigl(b_{i}(v,y,\tau)-b_{i}(0,y,\tau) \bigr) \varphi_{2y_{i}} \\& \quad{} +A^{ij}(v,y,\tau)\varphi_{2y_{i}y_{j}}+\frac{\partial b_{i}(0,y,\tau )}{\partial y_{i}} \varphi_{2}+ \int_{0}^{v}a^{ij}_{y_{j}}(s,y, \tau)\,ds\varphi_{2y_{i}} \biggr]\,dy\,d\tau\geq0. \end{aligned}$$
(3.3)
Especially, if \(\varphi_{1}\in C_{0}^{2}(Q_{T})\), \(\varphi _{2}\equiv0\), we have
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}} \Biggl[I_{\eta}(u-k)\varphi_{1t}-B_{\eta }^{i}(u,x,t,k) \varphi_{1x_{i}}+A^{ij}_{\eta}(u,x,t,k) \varphi_{1x_{i}x_{j}} -S_{\eta}^{\prime}(u-k)\sum _{i=1}^{N} \bigl\vert g^{i}(u,x,t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\varphi_{1} \\& \quad{} + \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{k}^{u}a^{ij}_{x_{j}}(s,x,t)S_{\eta }(s-k) \,ds \varphi_{1x_{i}}\,dx\,dt \Biggr]\,dx\,dt\geq0, \end{aligned}$$
(3.4)
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}} \Biggl[I_{\eta}(v-l)\varphi_{1\tau}-B_{\eta }^{i}(v,y, \tau,l)\varphi_{1y_{i}}+A^{ij}_{\eta}(v,y,\tau, l) \varphi_{1y_{i}y_{j}} -S_{\eta}^{\prime}(v-l)\sum _{i=1}^{N} \bigl\vert g^{i} \bigr\vert ^{2}(v,y,\tau)\varphi_{1} \\& \quad{} + \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{l}^{v}a^{ij}_{y_{j}}(s,y, \tau)S_{\eta }(s-l)\,ds\varphi_{1y_{i}}\,dx\,dt \Biggr]\,dy\,d\tau \geq0 . \end{aligned}$$
(3.5)
Let \(\psi(x,t,y,\tau)=\phi(x,t)j_{h}(x-y,t-\tau)\). Here \(\phi (x,t)\geq0\), \(\phi(x,t)\in C_{0}^{\infty}(Q_{T})\), and
$$\begin{aligned}& j_{h}(x-y,t-\tau)=\omega_{h}(t-\tau) \prod _{i=1}^{N}\omega_{h}(x_{i}-y_{i}), \end{aligned}$$
(3.6)
$$\begin{aligned}& \begin{aligned} &\omega_{h}(s)=\frac{1}{h}\omega \biggl(\frac{s}{h} \biggr),\quad\quad \omega(s)\in C_{0}^{\infty}(R), \quad\quad \omega(s)\geq0, \\ & \omega(s)=0 \quad\text{if } \vert s\vert >1,\quad\quad \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\omega(s)\,ds=1. \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$
(3.7)
Moreover, for any given positive constant δ,
$$ \lim_{h\rightarrow0}\omega_{h}^{\prime}(s)s^{2+\delta}=0. $$
Then we choose \(k=v(y,\tau)\), \(l=u(x,t)\), \(\varphi_{1}=\psi (x,t,y,\tau)\) in (3.4), (3.5), integrate over \(Q_{T}\), respectively, plus them together and get the following inequality: Clearly, Noticing that and as \(\eta\rightarrow0\), we have and as \(h\rightarrow0\), we have For simplicity, we denote Then we have
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}} \bigl[I_{\eta}(u-v) (\psi_{t}+ \psi_{\tau})- \bigl(B_{\eta}^{i}(u,x,t,v) \psi_{x_{i}}+B_{\eta }^{i}(v,y,\tau,u) \psi_{y_{i}} \bigr) \\& \quad{} +A^{ij}_{\eta}(u,x,t,v)\psi_{x_{i}x_{j}}+A^{ij}_{\eta }(v,y, \tau,u)\psi_{y_{i}y_{j}} \bigr] \\& \quad{} + \int_{v}^{u}a^{ij}_{x_{j}}(s,x,t)S_{\eta}(s-v) \,ds \psi_{x_{i}}+ \int_{u}^{v}a^{ij}_{y_{j}}(s,y, \tau)S_{\eta}(s-u)\,ds\psi_{y_{i}} \\& \quad{} -S_{\eta}^{\prime}(u-v) \Biggl(\sum _{i=1}^{N} \bigl\vert g^{i}(u,x,t) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\sum_{i=1}^{N} \bigl\vert g^{i}(v,y,\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2} \Biggr)\psi\,dx\,dt \,dy\,d\tau \geq0 . \end{aligned}$$
(3.8)
$$\begin{aligned}& \frac{\partial j_{h}}{\partial t}+\frac{\partial j_{h}}{\partial \tau}=0,\quad\quad \frac{\partial j_{h}}{\partial x_{i}}+ \frac{\partial j_{h}}{\partial y_{i}}=0,\quad i=1,\ldots,N; \\& \frac{\partial\psi}{\partial t}+\frac{\partial\psi}{\partial\tau }=\frac{\partial\phi}{\partial t}j_{h},\quad \quad \frac{\partial\psi }{\partial x_{i}}+\frac{\partial\psi}{\partial y_{i}}=\frac{\partial\phi}{\partial x_{i}}j_{h}. \end{aligned}$$
$$\lim_{\eta\rightarrow0}B_{\eta }^{i}(u,x,t,v)=\operatorname {sgn}(u-v) \bigl(b_{i}(u,x,t)-b_{i}(v,x,t) \bigr), $$
$$\lim_{\eta\rightarrow0}B_{\eta }^{i}(v,y,\tau,u)= \operatorname {sgn}(v-u) \bigl(b_{i}(v,y,\tau)-b_{i}(u,y,\tau) \bigr), $$
$$\begin{aligned}& \lim_{\eta\rightarrow0} \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}} \bigl[B_{\eta }^{i}(u,x,t,v) \psi_{x_{i}}+ B_{\eta}^{i}(v,y,\tau,u) \psi_{y_{i}} \bigr]\,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau \\& \quad = \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}} \operatorname {sgn}(u-v) \bigl[b_{i}(u,x,t)-b_{i}(v,y, \tau) \bigr]\phi_{x_{i}}j_{h}\,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau \\& \quad\quad{} + \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}}\operatorname {sgn}(u-v) \bigl[b_{i}(v,y,\tau )-b_{i}(v,x,t) \bigr]\phi_{x_{i}}j_{h}\,dx\,dt\,dy \,d\tau, \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned}& \lim_{h \rightarrow0}\lim_{\eta\rightarrow0} \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}} \bigl[B_{\eta}^{i}(u,x,t,v) \psi_{x_{i}}+ B_{\eta}^{i}(v,y,\tau,u) \psi_{y_{i}} \bigr]\,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau \\& \quad = \iint_{Q_{T}}\operatorname {sgn}(u-v) \bigl[b_{i}(u,x,t)-b_{i}(v,x,t) \bigr]\phi_{x_{i}}\,dx\,dt. \end{aligned}$$
(3.9)
$$\begin{aligned}& I_{3}= \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}} \bigl[A_{\eta}^{ij}(u,x,t,v)\psi _{x_{i}x_{j}}+A_{\eta}^{ij}(v,y,\tau,u)\psi_{y_{i}y_{j}} \bigr]\,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau, \\& I_{4}=- \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}}S_{\eta}^{\prime}(u-v)\sum _{n=1}^{N} \bigl( \bigl\vert g^{j}(u,x,t) \bigr\vert ^{2}+ \bigl\vert g^{j}(v,y,\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2} \bigr) \psi\,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau, \\& I_{5}= \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{v}^{u}a^{ij}_{x_{j}}S_{\eta }(s-v) \,ds \phi_{x_{i}}j_{h}\,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau, \\& I_{6}= \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{u}^{v}a^{ij}_{y_{j}}S_{\eta }(s-u) \,ds \phi_{x_{i}}j_{h}\,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau, \\& I_{7}= \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{v}^{u}a_{x_{j}}^{ij}S_{\eta }(s-v) \,ds \phi j_{hx_{i}}\,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau, \\& I_{8}=- \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{u}^{v}a_{y_{j}}^{ij}S'_{\eta }(s-u) \,dsu_{x_{i}} \phi j_{h}\,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau. \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} I_{3} =& \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}} \bigl[A_{\eta}^{ij}(u,x,t,v) (\phi _{x_{i}x_{j}}j_{h}+2\phi_{x_{i}}j_{hx_{j}}+\phi j_{hx_{i}x_{j}}) \\ &{} +A_{\eta}^{ij}(v,y,\tau,u)\phi j_{hy_{i}y_{j}} \bigr] \,dx\,dy\,d\tau\,dt \\ =& \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}} \bigl[A_{\eta}^{ij}(u,x,t,v) (\phi _{x_{i}x_{j}}j_{h}+\phi_{x_{i}}j_{hx_{j}})-A_{\eta}^{ij}(v,y, \tau,u)\phi_{x_{i}}j_{hx_{j}} \\ &{}-\partial_{x_{j}}A_{\eta}^{ij}(u,x,t,v)\phi j_{hx_{i}}-\partial_{x_{i}}A_{\eta}^{ij}(v,y, \tau,u)\phi j_{hx_{j}} \bigr]\,dx\,dy\,dt\,d\tau \\ =& \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}} \bigl[A_{\eta}^{ij}(u,x,t,v) (\phi _{x_{i}x_{j}}j_{h}+\phi_{x_{i}}j_{hx_{j}})-A_{\eta}^{ij}(v,y, \tau,u)\phi_{x_{i}}j_{hx_{j}} \bigr]\,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau \\ &{}- \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}} \biggl[ \int_{0}^{1}a^{ij} \bigl(\sigma u^{+}+(1-\sigma)u^{-},x,t \bigr)S_{\eta} \bigl( \sigma u^{+}+(1-\sigma)u^{-}-v \bigr)\,d\sigma \\ &{} + \int_{0}^{1} \int_{\sigma u^{+}+(1-\sigma )u^{-}}^{v}a^{ij}(s)S_{\eta} \bigl(s-\sigma u^{+}-(1-\sigma)u^{-} \bigr)\,d\sigma\,ds \biggr] \frac{\partial u}{\partial x_{i}}\phi j_{hx_{j}}\,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau \\ &{} - \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{v}^{u}a_{x_{i}}^{ij}(\sigma ,x,t)S_{\eta }(\sigma-v)\phi j_{hx_{j}}\,d\sigma\,dx\,dy\,dt\,d\tau \\ =&I_{31}+I_{32}-I_{7}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.10)
Also we notice that
$$\begin{aligned}& \sum_{i=1}^{N} \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}}S_{\eta}^{\prime }(u-v) \bigl( \bigl\vert g^{i}(u,x,t) \bigr\vert ^{2}+ \bigl\vert g^{i}(v,y,\tau) \bigr\vert ^{2} \bigr)\psi\,dx\,dt\,dy\,d \tau \\& \quad =\sum_{i=1}^{N} \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}}S_{\eta}^{\prime }(u-v) \bigl( \bigl\vert g^{i}(u,x,t) \bigr\vert - \bigl\vert g^{i}(v,y, \tau) \bigr\vert \bigr)^{2}\psi\,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau \\& \quad\quad{} +2\sum_{i=1}^{N} \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}}S_{\eta}^{\prime }(u-v)g^{i}(u,x,t)g^{i}(v,y, \tau)\psi\,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau \\& \quad =I_{41}+I_{42}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.11)
We are able to prove that (see the details in the next section) and clearly
$$\begin{aligned}& \lim_{h\rightarrow0}\lim_{\eta\rightarrow 0}(I_{32}+I_{42}) \\& \quad =2\lim_{h\rightarrow0} \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}}\gamma_{y_{j}}^{kj}(u,y,\tau)\operatorname {sgn}(v-u)\gamma^{ik}(u,x,t)u_{x_{i}}\phi j_{h}\,dx\,dt \,dy\,d \tau \\& \quad =2 \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}}\gamma_{x_{j}}^{kj}(u,x,t) \operatorname {sgn}(v-u)\gamma^{ik}(u,x,t)u_{x_{i}}\phi\,dx\,dt, \end{aligned}$$
(3.12)
$$\begin{aligned}& I_{8}=- \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{u}^{v}a_{y_{j}}^{ij}(s,y, \tau)S_{\eta}(s-u)\,dsu_{x_{i}}\phi j_{h}\,dx\,dt\,dy \,d \tau \\& \quad =- \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{u}^{v} \bigl[a_{y_{j}}^{ij}(s,y, \tau)-a_{y_{j}}^{ij}(u,y,\tau) \bigr]S_{\eta}(s-u) \,dsu_{x_{i}} \phi j_{h}\,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau \\& \quad\quad{} - \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{u}^{v}a_{y_{j}}^{ij}(u,y, \tau)S_{\eta }(v-u)\,dsu_{x_{i}}\phi j_{h}\,dx\,dt\,dy \,d \tau \\& \quad \rightarrow- \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{u}^{v}a_{y_{j}}^{ij}(u,y, \tau) \operatorname {sgn}(v-u)\,dsu_{x_{i}}\phi j_{h}\,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau\quad ( \text{as } \eta\rightarrow0) \\& \quad =-2 \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{u}^{v}\gamma^{ik}(u,y,\tau)\gamma _{y_{j}}^{kj}(u,y,\tau)\operatorname {sgn}(v-u)\,dsu_{x_{i}}\phi j_{h}\,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau \\& \quad \rightarrow-2 \iint_{Q_{T}} \int_{u}^{v}\gamma^{ik}(u,x,t)\gamma _{x_{j}}^{kj}(u,x,t)\operatorname {sgn}(v-u)\,dsu_{x_{i}}\phi\,dx\,dt \quad ( \text{as }h\rightarrow0) \\& \quad =-\lim_{h\rightarrow0}\lim_{\eta\rightarrow 0}(I_{32}+I_{42}). \end{aligned}$$
(3.13)
Now, since we have At the same time, Likewise, we have
$$ \lim_{\eta\rightarrow0}A_{\eta }^{ij}(u,x,t,v)= \lim _{\eta\rightarrow0}A_{\eta }^{ij}(v,y,\tau,u)=\operatorname {sgn}(u-v) \bigl(A^{ij}(u,x,t)-A^{ij}(v,y,\tau) \bigr), $$
$$ \lim_{\eta\rightarrow0} \bigl(A_{\eta}^{ij}(u,x,t,v) \phi_{x_{i}}j_{hx_{j}}-A_{\eta}^{ij}(u,y,\tau,v) \phi_{x_{i}}j_{hy_{j}} \bigr)=0. $$
(3.14)
$$\begin{aligned}& \lim_{\eta\rightarrow0} \int_{v}^{u}b_{ix_{i}}(s,x,t)S_{\eta }^{\prime }(s-v) \,ds \\& \quad =\lim_{\eta\rightarrow 0} \int_{v}^{u} \bigl[b_{ix_{i}}(s,x,t)-b_{ix_{i}}(v,x,t) \bigr]S_{\eta }^{\prime}(s-v)\,ds+b_{ix_{i}}(v,x,t)\operatorname {sgn}(u-v) \\& \quad =b_{ix_{i}}(v,x,t)\operatorname {sgn}(u-v). \end{aligned}$$
(3.15)
$$ \lim_{\eta\rightarrow0} \int_{v}^{u}b_{iy_{i}}(s,x,t)S_{\eta }^{\prime}(s-u) \,ds=b_{iy_{i}}(v,x,t) \operatorname {sgn}(v-u). $$
(3.16)
Combing (3.3)-(3.16), and letting \(\eta\rightarrow 0\), \(h\rightarrow0\), we get
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}} \biggl\{ \bigl\vert u(x,t)-v(x,t) \bigr\vert \phi _{t}- \operatorname {sgn}(u-v) \bigl(b_{i}(u,x,t)-b_{i}(v,x,t) \bigr) \phi_{x_{i}} \\& \quad{} +\operatorname {sgn}(u-v) \bigl(A^{ij}(u,x,t)-A^{ij}(v,x,t) \bigr) \phi _{x_{i}x_{j}}+ \int_{v}^{u}a_{x_{j}}^{ij}(s,x,t) \operatorname {sgn}(s-v)\,ds\phi_{x_{i}} \\& \quad{} +2 \int_{u}^{v}a_{x_{j}}^{ij}(s,x,t) \operatorname {sgn}(\tau-u)\,d\tau\phi_{x_{i}}-b_{ix_{i}}(v,x,t)\operatorname {sgn}(u-v)\phi \\& \quad{} -b_{iy_{i}}(u,x,t)\operatorname {sgn}(v-u)\phi \biggr\} \,dx\,dt \geq0. \end{aligned}$$
(3.17)
Let \(\delta_{\varepsilon}\) be the mollifier as usual. If \(y=(x_{1},\ldots, x_{N})\), then where For any given \(\varepsilon>0\), \(\delta_{\varepsilon}(y)\) is defined as Especially, we can choose ϕ in (3.17) by where \(\eta(t)\in C_{0}^{\infty}(0,T)\), \(\omega_{\lambda \varepsilon}(x)\) is defined as follows. Let \(\omega_{\lambda}(x)\in C_{0}^{2}(\Omega)\) be a function satisfying, for any given small enough \(0<\lambda\), \(0\leq\omega_{\lambda}\leq1\), \(\omega\vert _{\partial \Omega}=0\), and when \(0\leq d(x)\leq\lambda\), Then we define Clearly, Now, using the conditions \(\vert d_{x_{i}x_{j}}\vert \leq c\), and using the fact of that \(\vert \nabla d\vert =1\), noticing that where \(\zeta\in(v,u)\). Then by (1.20), from (3.15), we have where \(\Omega_{\lambda}=\{x\in\Omega: d(x,\partial\Omega)<\lambda \}\).
$$\delta(y)=\left \{ \textstyle\begin{array}{l@{\quad}l} \frac{1}{A}e^{\frac{1}{\vert y\vert ^{2}-1}}, & \text{if } \vert y\vert < 1,\\ 0, & \text{if } \vert y\vert \geq1, \end{array}\displaystyle \right . $$
$$A= \int_{B_{1}(0)}e^{\frac{1}{\vert y\vert ^{2}-1}}\,dx. $$
$$\delta_{\varepsilon}(y)=\frac{1}{\varepsilon^{N}}\delta \biggl(\frac {y}{\varepsilon} \biggr). $$
$$\phi(x,t)=\omega_{\lambda\varepsilon}(x)\eta(t), $$
$$\omega_{\lambda}(x)=1, \quad \text{if }d(x)=\operatorname {dist}(x,\partial\Omega)\geq \lambda, $$
$$\omega_{\lambda} \bigl(d(x) \bigr)=1-\frac{(d(x)-\lambda )^{2}}{\lambda^{2}}. $$
$$\begin{aligned}& \omega_{\lambda\varepsilon}=\omega_{\lambda}\ast\delta _{\varepsilon}(d), \\& \omega'_{\lambda\varepsilon}(d) = \int_{\{\vert s\vert < \varepsilon\}\cap\{0< d-s< \lambda\} }\omega'_{\lambda }(d-s) \delta_{\varepsilon}(s)\,ds =- \int_{\{\vert s\vert < \varepsilon\}\cap\{0< d-s< \lambda\} }\frac{2(d-s-\lambda)}{\lambda^{2}}\delta_{\varepsilon}(s)\,ds. \end{aligned}$$
$$ \begin{aligned} &\bigl\vert \omega'_{\lambda\varepsilon}(d) \bigr\vert \leq \frac{c}{\lambda}. \\ &\omega''_{\lambda\varepsilon}(d)=-\frac{2}{\lambda^{2}} \int_{\{ \vert s\vert < \varepsilon\}\cap\{0< d-s< \lambda\} }\delta_{\varepsilon}(s)\,ds. \end{aligned} $$
(3.18)
$$\begin{aligned} \phi_{x_{i}x_{j}} =&\eta(t) \bigl(\omega_{\lambda\varepsilon} \bigl(d(x) \bigr) \bigr)_{x_{i}x_{j}} =\eta(t) \bigl(\omega'_{\lambda\varepsilon }(d)d_{x_{i}} \bigr)_{x_{j}} \\ =&\eta(t) \bigl[\omega''_{\lambda\varepsilon}(d)d_{x_{i}}d_{x_{j}} +\omega'_{\lambda\varepsilon}(d)d_{x_{i}x_{j}} \bigr] \\ =&\eta(t) \biggl[-\frac{2}{\lambda^{2}}d_{x_{i}}d_{x_{j}} \int_{\{ \vert s\vert < \varepsilon\}\cap\{0< d-s< \lambda\}}\delta _{\varepsilon}(s)\,ds +\omega'_{\lambda\varepsilon}(d)d_{x_{i}x_{j}} \biggr], \end{aligned}$$
(3.19)
$$\begin{aligned}& \operatorname {sgn}(u-v) \bigl(A^{ij}(u,x,t)-A^{ij}(v,x,t) \bigr)d_{x_{i}}d_{x_{j}}=\vert u-v\vert a^{ij}(\zeta ,x,t)d_{x_{i}}d_{x_{j}}\geq0, \end{aligned}$$
(3.20)
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}} \bigl\vert u(x,t)-v(x,t) \bigr\vert \phi_{t}\,dx \,dt +c \int_{0}^{T} \int_{\Omega_{\lambda}}\eta(t) \bigl\vert \omega'_{\lambda \varepsilon}(d) \bigr\vert \vert u-v\vert \,dx\,dt\geq0, \end{aligned}$$
(3.21)
According to the definition of the trace (2.3), let \(\lambda\rightarrow0\) in (3.21). By (3.18)-(3.21), we have
$$\begin{aligned}& c\operatorname {essup}_{\Sigma_{2}\times(0,T)} \bigl\vert f(x,t)-g(x,t) \bigr\vert + \iint_{Q_{T}} \bigl\vert u(x,t)-v(x,t) \bigr\vert \eta'_{t} \,dx\,dt\geq0. \end{aligned}$$
(3.22)
Let \(0<\tau<s<T\), and Here \(\alpha_{\varepsilon}(t)\) is the kernel of the mollifier with \(\alpha_{\varepsilon}(t)=0\) for \(t\notin(-\varepsilon,\varepsilon )\). Then Let \(\varepsilon\rightarrow0\). Then and the desired result follows by letting \(\tau\rightarrow0\). □
$$\eta(t)= \int_{\tau-t}^{s-t}\alpha_{\varepsilon}(\sigma)\,d \sigma, \quad \varepsilon< \min\{\tau, T-s\}. $$
$$c\operatorname {essup}_{\Sigma_{2}\times(0,T)} \bigl\vert f(x,t)-g(x,t) \bigr\vert + \int_{0}^{T} \bigl[\alpha_{\varepsilon}(\tau-t)- \alpha_{\varepsilon }(s-t) \bigr]\vert u-v\vert _{L^{1}(\Omega)}\,dt\geq0. $$
$$\bigl\vert u(x,s)-v(x,s) \bigr\vert _{L^{1}(\Omega)}\leq \bigl\vert u(x, \tau)-v(x,\tau) \bigr\vert _{L^{1}(\Omega)} +c\operatorname {essup}_{\Sigma _{2}\times(0,T)} \bigl\vert f(x,t)-g(x,t) \bigr\vert $$
4 The proof of (3.12)
To prove (3.12), we have to make some basic calculations. By the properties of the BV functions (Lemma 3.1 and Lemma 3.7.8 of [2]), and likewise So Since in \(Q_{T}\setminus\Gamma_{u}\), \(u^{+}=u^{-}\), in \(Q_{T}\setminus\Gamma _{v}\), \(v^{+}=v^{-}\), we can deal with \(J_{1-5}\) as By (4.1), At the same time, Comparing (4.2) to (4.3), one has
$$\begin{aligned}& \int_{\Gamma^{u}} \int_{\Gamma^{v}}\partial_{y_{j}}\partial_{x_{i}} \int_{v}^{u}\gamma^{ik}(\delta,x,t) \int_{\delta}^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y, \tau)S_{\eta}^{\prime}(\sigma-\delta)\,d\delta\,d\sigma\psi \\& \quad = \int_{\Gamma^{u}} \int_{\Gamma^{v}}\partial_{y_{j}} \int_{u^{-}}^{u^{+}}\gamma^{ik}(\delta,x,t) \int_{\delta }^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y, \tau)S_{\eta}^{\prime}(\sigma-\delta)\,d\delta\,d\sigma\psi v_{i}\,dH_{x}=0, \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned}& \int_{Q_{T}\backslash\Gamma^{u}} \int_{\Gamma^{v}}\partial_{y_{j}}\partial_{x_{i}} \int_{v}^{u}\gamma^{ik}(\delta,x,t) \int_{\delta }^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y, \tau)S_{\eta}^{\prime}(\sigma-\delta)\,d\delta\,d\sigma\psi=0, \\& \int_{\Gamma^{u}} \int_{Q_{T}\backslash\Gamma^{v}}\partial_{y_{j}}\partial_{x_{i}} \int_{v}^{u}\gamma^{ik}(\delta,x,t) \int_{\delta }^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y, \tau)S_{\eta}^{\prime}(\sigma-\delta)\,d\delta\,d\sigma\psi=0. \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}}\partial_{x_{i}}\partial_{y_{j}} \int_{v}^{u}\gamma^{ik}(\delta,x,t) \int_{\delta }^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y, \tau)S_{\eta}^{\prime}(\sigma-\delta)\,d\sigma\,d\delta\psi\, dx\,dt \,dy\,d \tau \\& \quad = \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}}\biggl[\psi\partial_{y_{j}} \int_{0}^{1}\gamma^{ni} \bigl(su^{+}-(1-s)u^{-},x,t \bigr) \\& \quad\quad{} \cdot \int_{su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-}}^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y, \tau)S_{\eta }^{\prime} \bigl(\sigma-su^{+}-(1-s)u^{-} \bigr)u_{x_{i}}\,d\sigma\,ds \\& \quad\quad{} +\psi\partial_{y_{j}} \int_{v}^{u}\gamma_{x_{i}}^{ki}( \delta,x,t) \int_{\delta}^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y, \tau)S_{\eta }^{\prime }(\sigma-\delta)\,d\delta\,d\sigma\biggr]\,dx\,dt\,dy \,d\tau \\& \quad = \iint_{Q_{T}\backslash\Gamma^{u}} \iint_{Q_{T}\backslash\Gamma ^{v}}\biggl[\psi\partial_{y_{j}} \int_{0}^{1}\gamma^{ni} \bigl(su^{+}-(1-s)u^{-},x,t \bigr) \\& \quad\quad{} \cdot \int_{su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-}}^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y, \tau)S_{\eta }^{\prime} \bigl(\sigma-su^{+}-(1-s)u^{-} \bigr)u_{x_{i}}\,d\sigma\,ds \\& \quad\quad{} +\psi\partial_{y_{j}} \int_{v}^{u}\gamma_{x_{i}}^{ki}( \delta,x,t) \int_{\delta}^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y, \tau)S_{\eta }^{\prime }(\sigma-\delta)\,d\delta\,d\sigma\biggr]\,dx\,dt\,dy \,d\tau \\& \quad =J_{1-5}+J_{6} . \end{aligned}$$
(4.1)
$$\begin{aligned}& \partial_{y_{j}} \int_{0}^{1}\gamma^{ik} \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-} \bigr) \int_{su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-}}^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma )S_{\eta}^{\prime} \bigl(\sigma-su^{+}-(1-s)u^{-} \bigr)u_{x_{i}}\,d\sigma\,ds \\& \quad =\gamma^{ik}(u,x,t) \biggl[\gamma^{kj}(v,y, \tau)S_{\eta}^{\prime }(v-u)u_{x_{i}}v_{y_{j}}+ \int_{u}^{v}\gamma_{y_{j}}^{kj}( \sigma,y,\tau)S_{\eta}^{\prime}(\sigma-u)u_{x_{i}}\,d\sigma \biggr] \\& \quad =\partial_{x_{i}} \int_{v}^{u}\gamma^{ik}(\delta,x,t) \,d\delta- \int_{v}^{u}\gamma_{x_{i}}^{ik}( \delta,x,t)\,d\delta \biggl[\partial_{y_{j}} \int_{u}^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y,\tau)\,d \sigma \\& \quad\quad{} - \int_{u}^{v}\gamma_{y_{j}}^{kj}( \sigma,y,\tau)\,d\sigma\biggr]S_{\eta }^{\prime }(v-u)+\gamma^{ik}(u,x,t)u_{x_{i}} \int_{u}^{v}\gamma_{y_{j}}^{kj}( \sigma,y,\tau)S_{\eta}^{\prime}(\sigma-u)\,d\sigma \\& \quad =\partial_{x_{i}} \int_{v}^{u}\gamma^{ik}(\delta,x,t) \,d\delta\partial_{y_{j}} \int_{u}^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y,\tau)\,d \sigma S_{\eta }^{\prime }(v-u) \\& \quad\quad{} -\partial_{x_{i}} \int_{v}^{u}\gamma^{ik}(\delta,x,t) \,d\delta \int_{u}^{v}\gamma_{y_{j}}^{kj}( \sigma,y,\tau)\,d\sigma S_{\eta }^{\prime }(v-u) \\& \quad\quad{} - \int_{v}^{u}\gamma_{x_{i}}^{ik}( \delta,x,t)\,d\delta\partial_{y_{j}} \int_{u}^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y,\tau)\,d \sigma S_{\eta }^{\prime }(v-u) \\& \quad\quad{} + \int_{v}^{u}\gamma_{x_{i}}^{ik}( \delta,x,t)\,d\delta \int_{u}^{v}\gamma_{y_{j}}^{kj}( \sigma,y,\tau)\,d\sigma S_{\eta}^{\prime}(v-u) \\& \quad\quad{} +\gamma^{ik}(u,x,t)u_{x_{i}} \int_{u}^{v}\gamma_{y_{j}}^{kj}( \sigma,y,\tau)S_{\eta}^{\prime}(\sigma-u)\,d\sigma \\& \quad =j_{1}+j_{2}+j_{3}+j_{4}+j_{5}, \\& J_{1-5}= \iint_{Q_{T}}(j_{1}+j_{2}+j_{3}+j_{4}+j_{5}) \,dx\,dt\,dy\,d \tau=J_{1}+J_{2}+J_{3}+J_{4}+J_{5}. \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}}\partial_{x_{i}}\partial_{y_{j}} \int_{v}^{u}\gamma^{ik}(\delta,x,t) \int_{\delta}^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y, \tau)S_{\eta}^{\prime}(\sigma-\delta)\,d\sigma\,d\delta\psi\, dx\,dt \,dy\,d \tau \\& \quad =J_{1}+J_{2}+J_{3}+J_{4}+J_{5}+J_{6}. \end{aligned}$$
(4.2)
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}}\partial_{x_{i}}\partial_{y_{j}} \int_{v}^{u}\gamma^{ik}(\delta,x,t) \int_{\delta}^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y, \tau)S_{\eta}^{\prime}(\sigma-\delta)\,d\sigma\,d\delta\psi\, dx\,dt \,dy\,d \tau \\& \quad = \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}}\biggl[\psi\partial_{y_{j}} \int_{0}^{1}\gamma^{ik} \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-},x,t \bigr) \\& \quad\quad{} \cdot \int_{su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-}}^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y,\tau )S_{\eta}^{\prime} \bigl(\sigma-su^{+}-(1-s)u^{-} \bigr)u_{x_{i}}\,d\sigma\,ds \\& \quad\quad{} +\psi\partial_{y_{j}} \int_{v}^{u}\gamma_{x_{i}}^{ik}( \delta,x,t) \int_{\delta}^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y, \tau)S_{\eta}^{\prime }(\sigma-\delta)\,d\sigma\,d\delta\biggr]\,dx\,dt\,dy \,d\tau \\& \quad = \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}}\biggl[\phi j_{hx_{j}} \int_{0}^{1}\gamma^{ik} \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-},x,t \bigr) \\& \quad\quad{} \cdot \int_{su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-}}^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y,\tau )S_{\eta}^{\prime} \bigl(\sigma-s_{1}u^{+}-(1-s_{1})u^{-} \bigr)u_{x_{i}}\,d\sigma\,ds \\& \quad\quad{} +\phi j_{h} \int_{v}^{u}\gamma_{x_{i}}^{ik}( \delta,x,t)\biggl[ \int_{0}^{1}\gamma^{kj} \bigl(sv^{+}+(1-s)v^{-},y,\tau \bigr)S_{\eta}^{\prime} \bigl(sv^{+}+(1-s)v^{\_ }-\delta \bigr)v_{y_{j}}\,ds \\& \quad\quad{} + \int_{\delta}^{v}\gamma_{y_{j}}^{kj}( \sigma,y,\tau)S_{\eta }^{\prime }(\sigma-\delta)\,d\sigma\biggr]\biggr]\,d\delta \,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau=J_{6}+J_{7}. \end{aligned}$$
(4.3)
$$\begin{aligned}& J_{1}=J_{7}-(J_{2}+J_{3}+J_{4}+J_{5}). \end{aligned}$$
(4.4)
So Substituting (4.4) into (4.5), we have
$$\begin{aligned}& I_{32}+I_{42} \\& \quad= \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}}\biggl\{ \int_{0}^{1}a^{ij} \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-},x,t \bigr)S_{\eta } \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-}-v \bigr)\,ds \\& \quad\quad{} - \int_{0}^{1} \int_{su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-}}^{v}a^{ij}(\sigma,y,\tau )S_{\eta }^{\prime} \bigl(\sigma-su^{+}-(1-s)u^{-} \bigr)\,ds\,d\sigma\biggr\} \,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau \\& \quad\quad{} +2 \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}}S_{\eta}^{\prime}(u-v)\partial _{x_{i}} \int_{v}^{u}\gamma^{ik}(\delta,x,t) \,d\delta\cdot\partial_{y_{j}} \int_{u}^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y,\tau)\,d \sigma\psi\,dx\,dt\,dy\, d\tau \\& \quad = \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}}\biggl\{ \int_{0}^{1}a^{ij} \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-},x,t \bigr)S_{\eta } \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-}-v \bigr)\,ds \\& \quad\quad{} - \int_{0}^{1} \int_{su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-}}^{v}a^{ij}(\sigma,y,\tau )S_{\eta }^{\prime} \bigl(\sigma-su^{+}-(1-s)u^{-} \bigr)\,ds\,d\sigma\biggr\} \,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau+2J_{1}. \end{aligned}$$
(4.5)
$$\begin{aligned}& I_{32}+I_{42} \\& \quad = \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}}\biggl\{ - \int_{0}^{1} \int_{su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-}}^{v}\gamma^{ik} \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-},x,t \bigr)\gamma^{kj} \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-},x,t \bigr) \\& \quad\quad{} \cdot S_{\eta}^{\prime} \bigl(\sigma-su^{+}-(1-s)u^{-} \bigr)\,d\sigma\,ds \\& \quad\quad{} - \int_{0}^{1} \int_{su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-}}^{v}\gamma^{ik}(\sigma,y,\tau) \gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y,\tau)S_{\eta}^{\prime} \bigl(\sigma -su^{+}-(1-s)u^{-} \bigr)\,d\sigma\,ds \\& \quad\quad{} +2 \int_{0}^{1}\gamma^{ik} \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-},x,t \bigr) \int_{su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-}}^{v}\gamma^{ik}(\sigma,y,\tau) \\& \quad\quad{} \cdot S_{\eta}^{\prime} \bigl(\sigma-su^{+}-(1-s)u^{-} \bigr)\,d\sigma\,ds\biggr\} u_{x_{i}}j_{hx_{j}}\phi\,dx\,dt\,dy\,d\tau \\& \quad\quad{} +2 \iint_{Q_{T}}\biggl\{ \iint_{Q_{T}}\partial_{x_{i}} \int_{v}^{u}\gamma^{ik}(\delta,x,t) \,d\delta \int_{u}^{v}\gamma_{y_{j}}^{kj}( \sigma,y,\tau)\,d\sigma S_{\eta}^{\prime}(v-u) \\& \quad\quad{} -S_{\eta}^{\prime}(v-u)\biggl[ \int_{v}^{u}\gamma_{x_{i}}^{ik}( \delta,x,t)\,d\delta\cdot\partial_{y_{j}} \int_{u}^{v}\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y,\tau)\,d \sigma \\& \quad\quad{} - \int_{v}^{u}\gamma_{x_{i}}^{ik}( \delta,x,t)\,d\delta \int_{u}^{v}\gamma_{y_{j}}^{kj}( \sigma,y,\tau)\,d\sigma\biggr] \\& \quad\quad{} -\gamma^{ik}(u,x,t)u_{x_{i}} \int_{u}^{v} \bigl[\gamma_{y_{j}}^{kj}( \sigma,y,\tau)-\gamma_{y_{j}}^{kj}(u,y,\tau) \bigr]S_{\eta}^{\prime}(\sigma-u)\,d\sigma \\& \quad\quad{} +\gamma^{ik}(u,x,t)u_{x_{i}}\gamma_{y_{j}}^{kj}(u,y, \tau)S_{\eta}(v-u)\biggr\} \phi j_{h}\,dx\,dt\,dy\,d \tau. \end{aligned}$$
(4.6)
We have
$$\begin{aligned}& \gamma^{ik} \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-},x,t \bigr) \bigl[\gamma^{ik}(\sigma,y,\tau)-\gamma^{kj} \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-},x,t \bigr) \bigr] \\& \quad\quad{} \cdot S_{\eta}^{\prime} \bigl(\sigma-su^{+}-(1-s)u^{-} \bigr)j_{hx_{j}} \\& \quad\quad{} +\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y,\tau) \bigl[\gamma^{ik} \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-},x,t \bigr)-\gamma^{ik}( \sigma,y,\tau) \bigr]S_{\eta}^{\prime} \bigl(\sigma -su^{+}-(1-s)u^{-} \bigr)j_{hx_{j}} \\& \quad = \bigl[\gamma^{ik} \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-},x,t \bigr)-\gamma^{ik}(\sigma,x,t) \bigr]S_{\eta }^{\prime} \bigl(\sigma-su^{+}-(1-s)u^{-} \bigr) \\& \quad\quad{} \cdot \bigl[\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y,\tau)-\gamma^{kj} \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-},x,t \bigr) \bigr]j_{hx_{j}} \\& \quad\quad{} + \bigl[\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y,\tau)-\gamma^{kj} \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-},y,\tau \bigr) \bigr]S_{\eta}^{\prime} \bigl(\sigma-su^{+}-(1-s)u^{-} \bigr) \\& \quad\quad{} \cdot{} \bigl[\gamma^{kj} \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-},x,t \bigr)-\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y,\tau) \bigr]j_{hx_{j}} \\& \quad\quad{} + \bigl[\gamma^{kj}(\sigma,y,\tau)-\gamma^{kj} \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-},x,t \bigr) \bigr] \\& \quad\quad{} \cdot \bigl[\gamma ^{ik}(\sigma,x,t)-\gamma^{ik} \bigl(su^{+}+(1-s)u^{-},y, \tau \bigr) \bigr]j_{hx_{j}} \\& \quad\quad{} \cdot S_{\eta}^{\prime} \bigl(\sigma-su^{+}-(1-s)u^{-} \bigr). \end{aligned}$$
Now, by \(\lim_{\eta\rightarrow0}sS_{\eta}^{\prime}(s)=0\), by (1.20), and \(\lim_{h\rightarrow0}\omega_{h}^{\prime }(s)s^{2+\delta}=0\), as \(\eta\rightarrow0\), \(h\rightarrow0\), every term of the right-hand side of (4.6) approaches 0 except the last term. The last term approaches so we have (3.12).
$$ 2 \iint_{Q_{T}} \iint_{Q_{T}}\gamma_{x_{j}}^{kj}(u,x,t) \operatorname {sgn}(v-u)\gamma^{ik}(u,x,t)u_{x_{i}}\phi\,dx\,dt, $$
5 Proof of Lemma 3.1
Let u be a solution of equation (1.1) in the sense of Definition 1.1, we want to prove Denote
$$ \int_{u^{-}}^{u^{+}}\gamma^{ij}(s,x,t)\,ds\cdot v_{i}=0,\quad \text{a.e. }(x,t) \text{ on } \Gamma_{u}, j=1,2,\ldots, N. $$
(5.1)
$$\begin{aligned}& \Gamma_{1}= \bigl\{ (x,t)\in\Gamma_{u}, v_{1}(x,t)= \cdots=v_{N}(x,t)=0 \bigr\} , \\& \Gamma_{2}= \bigl\{ (x,t)\in\Gamma_{u}, v_{1}^{2}(x,t)+ \cdots+v_{N}^{2}(x,t)>0 \bigr\} . \end{aligned}$$
First we prove \(H(\Gamma_{1})=0\). Since any measurable subset of \(\Gamma_{1}\) can be expressed as the union of Borel sets and a set of measure zero, it suffices to prove where U is a Borel subset of \(\Gamma_{1}\). We may suppose U̅ is compact. By Lemma 3.7.8 in [2], for any bounded function \(f(x,t)\), which is measurable with respect to the measure \(\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_{i}}\), we have where \(U^{t}=\{x:(x,t)\in U\}\). By [15], for any Borel subset \(S\subset U\), \(S^{t}\subset U^{t}\), for \(i=1, 2, \ldots, N\), Equation (5.2) is equivalent to The definition of \(\Gamma_{1}\) implies that the left-hand side vanishes, so we have Choose \(f(x,t)=\chi_{u}(x,t)\operatorname {sgn}(u_{+}^{t}(x,t)-u_{-}^{t}(x,t)) \operatorname {sgn}v_{i}^{t}\), where \(\chi_{u}(x,t)\) denotes the characteristic function of U, sum up for i from 1 up to N. Then we obtain where G is the projection of U on the t-axis. Equation (5.3) implies, for almost all \(t\in G\), and hence, for almost all \(t\in G\),
\(H^{t}\)-almost everywhere on \(U^{t}\), which is impossible unless \(\operatorname {mes}G=0\).
$$ H(U)=0, $$
$$ \iint_{U}f(x,t)\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_{i}} = \int_{0}^{T}dt \int_{U^{t}}f(x,t)\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_{i}}, $$
(5.2)
$$\begin{aligned}& \frac{\partial u}{\partial x_{i}}(S) = \int_{S} \bigl(u^{+}(x,t)-u^{-}(x,t) \bigr)v_{i}\,dH, \\& \frac{\partial u(\cdot,t)}{\partial x_{i}} \bigl(S^{t} \bigr) = \int_{S^{t}} \bigl(u_{+}^{t}(x,t)-u_{-}^{t}(x,t) \bigr)v_{i}\,dH^{t}. \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{U}f(x,t) \bigl(u^{+}(x,t)-u^{-}(x,t) \bigr)v_{i}\,dH \\& \quad = \int_{0}^{T}dt \int_{U^{t}}f(x,t) \bigl(u_{+}^{t}(x,t)-u_{-}^{t}(x,t) \bigr)v_{i}^{t}\,dH^{t}. \end{aligned}$$
$$ \int_{0}^{T}dt \int_{U^{t}}f(x,t) \bigl(u_{+}^{t}(x,t)-u_{-}^{t}(x,t) \bigr)v_{i}^{t}\,dH^{t}=0. $$
$$ \int_{G}dt \int_{U^{t}} \bigl(u_{+}^{t}(x,t)-u_{-}^{t}(x,t) \bigr) \bigl( \bigl\vert v_{1}^{t} \bigr\vert +\cdots+ \bigl\vert v_{N}^{t} \bigr\vert \bigr)\,dH^{t}=0, $$
(5.3)
$$ \int_{U^{t}} \bigl(u_{+}^{t}(x,t)-u_{-}^{t}(x,t) \bigr) \bigl( \bigl\vert v_{1}^{t} \bigr\vert +\cdots+ \bigl\vert v_{N}^{t} \bigr\vert \bigr)\,dH^{t}=0, $$
$$ v_{1}^{t}=\cdots=v_{N}^{t}=0, $$
For any α, β with \(0<\alpha<\beta<T\), we choose \(\psi _{l}(t)\in C_{0}^{\infty}(0,T)\) such that By [2], we can choose \(\varphi_{n}\in C_{0}^{\infty}(Q_{T})\) such that Now, recalling that \(A^{ij}(u,x,t)=\int_{0}^{u}a^{ij}(s,x,t)\,ds\), for any \(\phi\in C^{\infty}_{0}(Q_{T})\), Let \(\phi=\varphi_{n}(x,t)\psi_{l}(t)\). From the definition of the BV function, we have Let \(l\rightarrow\infty\). Then Clearly, this equality also holds if \([\alpha,\beta]\) is replaced by \((\alpha,\beta)\) and hence it holds even if \([\alpha,\beta]\) is replaced by any open set I with \(\overline{I}\subset(0,T)\). Since G is a Borel set, by approximation we may conclude that
$$ 0\leq\psi_{l}(t)\leq1,\quad\quad \lim_{l\rightarrow\infty}\psi _{l}(t)=\chi_{[\alpha,\beta]}(t), \quad \forall t\in[0,T]. $$
$$ \bigl\vert \varphi_{n}(x,t) \bigr\vert \leq1,\quad\quad \lim _{n\rightarrow \infty} \varphi_{n}=\chi_{U}\quad \text{in } L^{1} \biggl(Q_{T}, \biggl\vert \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} \biggr\vert \biggr). $$
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}}a^{ij}(u,x,t) \frac {\partial u}{\partial x_{j}}\phi(x,t)\,dx\,dt \\ & \quad =- \iint_{Q_{T}}a^{ij}(u,x,t)\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_{j}} \phi_{x_{i}}\,dx\,dt \\ & \quad =- \iint_{Q_{T}} \biggl[\frac{\partial A^{ij}(u,x,t)}{\partial x_{i}}- \int_{0}^{u}a^{ij}_{x_{i}}(s,x,t) \,ds \phi_{x_{j}} \biggr]\,dx\,dt \\ & \quad = \iint_{Q_{T}} \biggl[A^{ij}(u,x,t)\phi_{x_{i}x_{j}}- \int_{0}^{u}a^{ij}_{x_{i}}(s,x,t) \,ds \phi_{x_{j}} \biggr]\,dx\,dt, \\ & \iint\frac{\partial b_{i}(u,x,t)}{\partial x_{i}}\phi\,dx\,dt=- \iint_{Q_{T}}b_{i}(u,x,t)\phi_{x_{i}}\,dx\,dt. \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}}\varphi_{n}(x,t)\psi_{l}(t) \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} \\ & \quad =- \iint_{Q_{T}}b_{i}(u,x,t)\frac{\partial }{\partial x_{i}} \varphi_{n}(x,t)\psi_{l}(t)\,dx\,dt \\ & \quad\quad{} + \iint_{Q_{T}} \biggl[A^{ij}(u,x,t)\varphi_{n_{x_{i}x_{j}}}(x,t) \psi_{l}(t)- \int_{0}^{u}a^{ij}_{x_{i}}(s,x,t) \,ds \varphi_{nx_{j}}(x,t)\psi_{l}(t) \biggr]\,dx\,dt. \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}}\varphi_{n}(x,t)\chi_{{}[\alpha,\beta ]}(t) \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} \\ & \quad =- \iint_{Q_{T}}b_{i}(u,x,t)\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} \varphi_{n}(x,t)\chi_{{}[ \alpha,\beta]}(t)\,dx\,dt \\ & \quad\quad{} + \iint_{Q_{T}} \biggl[A^{ij}(u,x,t)\varphi_{n_{x_{i}x_{j}}}(x,t) \chi_{{}[ \alpha,\beta]}(t)- \int_{0}^{u}a^{ij}_{x_{i}}(s,x,t) \,ds \varphi_{nx_{j}}(x,t)\chi_{{}[ \alpha,\beta]}(t) \biggr]\,dx\,dt. \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned}& \iint_{Q_{T}}\varphi_{n}(x,t)\chi_{G}(t) \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} \\& \quad =- \iint_{Q_{T}}b_{i}(u,x,t)\frac{\partial }{\partial x_{i}} \varphi_{n}(x,t)\chi_{G}(t)\,dx\,dt \\& \quad\quad{} + \iint_{Q_{T}} \biggl[A^{ij}(u,x,t)\varphi_{n_{x_{i}x_{j}}}(x,t) \chi_{G}(t)- \int_{0}^{u}a^{ij}_{x_{i}}(s,x,t) \,ds \varphi_{nx_{j}}(x,t)\chi_{G}(t) \biggr]\,dx\,dt. \end{aligned}$$
Since \(\operatorname {mes}G=0\), the three terms on the right-hand vanish and Let \(n\rightarrow\infty\). Then Hence which implies \(H(U)=0\) and \(H(\Gamma_{1})=0\) by the arbitrariness of U.
$$ \iint_{Q_{T}}\varphi_{n}(x,t)\chi_{G}(t) \frac{\partial u}{\partial t}=0. $$
$$ \iint_{U}\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}= \iint_{Q_{T}}\chi_{U}(x,t)\chi_{G} \frac{\partial u}{\partial t}=0. $$
$$ \int_{U} \bigl(u^{+}(x,t)-u^{-}(x,t) \bigr)v_{t}\,dH=0, $$
Next, we prove that (5.1) is true in \(\Gamma_{2}\). Let U be any Borel subset of \(\Gamma_{2}\) which is compact in \(Q_{T}\). Since U is a set of \(N+1\)-dimensional measure zero and \(\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}} A^{ij}(u,x,t)\in L_{\mathit {loc}}^{2}(Q_{T})\), we have and hence By the arbitrariness of U, it follows by the definition of \(\Gamma _{2}\) that then From this fact, Thus the lemma is proved.
$$ \iint_{U}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}}A^{ij}(u,x,t)\,dx\,dt=0,\quad i=1, \ldots, N, $$
$$ \int_{U} \bigl(A^{ij} \bigl(u^{+}(x,t) \bigr)-A^{ij} \bigl(u^{-}(x,t) \bigr) \bigr)v_{i}\,dH=0,\quad i=1,\ldots, N. $$
$$\int_{u^{-}}^{u^{+}}a^{ij}(s,x,t)\,dx\cdot v_{i}=0, \quad \text{a.e. on } \Gamma_{2}, $$
$$\int_{u^{-}}^{u^{+}}a^{ij}(s,x,t)\,dxv_{i}v_{j}=0, \quad \text{a.e. on } \Gamma_{2}. $$
$$ \int_{u^{-}(x,t)}^{u^{+}(x,t)}\gamma^{ij}(s,x,t)\,ds\cdot v_{i}=0, \quad \text{a.e. on } \Gamma_{2}. $$
Declarations
Acknowledgements
The paper is supported by NSF of China (no. 11371297) and by NSF of Fujian Province (no. 2015J01592), China.
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Authors’ Affiliations
(1)
School of Applied Mathematics, Xiamen University of Technology
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