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Stochastic quasilinear viscoelastic wave equation with nonlinear damping and source terms
- Sangil Kim1,
- Jong-Yeoul Park2 and
- Yong Han Kang3Email authorView ORCID ID profile
Received: 16 August 2017
Accepted: 15 January 2018
Published: 26 January 2018
Abstract
The goal of this study is to investigate an initial boundary value problem for the stochastic quasilinear viscoelastic wave equation involving the nonlinear damping \(\vert u_{t} \vert ^{q-2} u_{t}\) and a source term of the type \(\vert u \vert ^{p-2}u\) driven by additive noise. By an appropriate energy inequality, we prove that finite time blow-up is possible for equation (1.1) below if \(p > \{q, \rho +2 \}\) and the initial data are large enough (that is, if the initial energy is sufficiently negative). Also, we show that if \(q \geq p\), the local solution can be extended for all time and is thus global.
Keywords
stochastic quasilinear viscoelastic wave equationblow-up of solutionglobal existence
MSC
60H1535L0535L70
1 Introduction
In this paper, we are concerned with the following stochastic viscoelastic wave equation:
where D is a bounded domain in \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\) with smooth boundary ∂D, with given positive constants \(\rho >0\), \(q \geq 2\), and \(p \geq 2\). The function \(h:\mathbb{R}^{+} \to \mathbb{R}^{+}\) in the viscoelastic term is a positive relaxation function satisfying some conditions to be specified later. \(W(x,t)\) is an infinite dimensional Wiener process, \(\sigma (x,t)\) is \(L^{2}(D)\)-valued progressively measurable, and ϵ is a given positive constant which measures the strength of noise.
$$\begin{aligned}& \begin{aligned} &\vert u_{t} \vert ^{\rho }u_{tt} -\Delta u -\Delta u_{tt}+ \int_{0}^{t}h(t- \tau )\Delta u(\tau )\,d\tau + \vert u_{t} \vert ^{q-2} u_{t} \\ &\quad =\vert u \vert ^{p-2}u + \epsilon \sigma (x,t) \partial_{t} W(x,t)\quad\mbox{in }D \times (0,T), \\ & u=0\quad \mbox{on }\partial D \times (0,T), \\ & u(x,0)=u_{0}(x), \qquad u_{t}(x,0)=u_{1}(x)\quad\mbox{in }\bar{D}, \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$
(1.1)
System (1.1) without the stochastic term is a model for quasilinear viscoelastic wave equation with nonlinear damping and source terms. Various forms of the deterministic system (1.1) have been considered by many authors, and several results considering existence, nonexistence, and asymptotic behavior have been established in [1–5], and the references therein. For example, Liu [3] considered the following quasilinear viscoelastic wave equation problem:
where D is a bounded domain in \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\)
\((n \geq 1)\) with a smooth boundary ∂D, and ρ, \(b > 0\), \(p > 2\) are constants. The author investigated the general solution and blow-up solutions for this problem. Also, Song [4] studied the nonlinear quasilinear viscoelastic wave equation problem
where D is a bounded domain of \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\)
\((n \geq 1)\) with a smooth boundary ∂D, \(m>2\), \(g:\mathbb{R}^{+} \to \mathbb{R} ^{+}\) is a positive nonincreasing function, and
He proved the global nonexistence of positive initial energy solutions for a quasilinear viscoelastic wave equation.
$$\begin{aligned}& \vert u_{t} \vert ^{\rho }u_{tt} -\Delta u -\Delta u_{tt} + \int_{0}^{t}g(t- \tau )\Delta u(\tau )\,d\tau =b \vert u \vert ^{p-2}u\quad \mbox{in } D \times (0,\infty ), \\& u=0\quad\mbox{on } \partial D \times (0,\infty ), \\& u(x,0)=u_{0}(x), \qquad u_{t}(x,0)=u_{1}(x)\quad\mbox{in } \Omega , \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned}& \vert u_{t} \vert ^{\rho }u_{tt} -\Delta u + \int_{0}^{t}g(t-\tau )\Delta u( \tau )\,d\tau + \vert u_{t} \vert ^{m-2}u_{t} =\vert u \vert ^{p-2}u \quad\mbox{in } D \times [0,T], \\& u=0 \quad\mbox{on }\partial D \times [0,T], \\& u(x,0)=u_{0}(x), \qquad u_{t}(x,0)=u_{1}(x)\quad \mbox{in }D, \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned}& 2< p< \infty \quad \mbox{if }n=1,2,\qquad 2< p< 2(n-1)/(n-2) \quad\mbox{if }n\geq 3, \\& 2< \rho < \infty \quad\mbox{if }n=1,2,\qquad 2< \rho \leq n/(n-2) \quad\mbox{if }n \geq 3. \end{aligned}$$
Under the consideration of random environment, there are many studies on the stochastic wave equation with global existence and invariant measures for linear and nonlinear damping (see the references in [6–25]).
Wei and Jiang [26] and Gao, Guo and Liang [24] considered the following nonlinear stochastic viscoelastic wave equation:
They investigated the global existence and the energy decay estimate of a solution and showed that the solution blows up with positive probability or it is explosive in \(L^{2}\) sense under some conditions.
$$\begin{aligned}& u_{tt} -\Delta u + \int_{0}^{t}h(t-\tau )\Delta u(\tau )\,d\tau + u _{t} \\& \quad =\vert u \vert ^{p-2}u + \epsilon \sigma (u, \nabla u, x,t) \partial_{t} W(x,t) \quad\mbox{in } D \times (0,T), \\& u=0 \quad \mbox{on } \partial D \times (0,T), \\& u(x,0)=u_{0}(x), \qquad u_{t}(x,0)=u_{1}(x)\quad\mbox{in }\bar{D}. \end{aligned}$$
Moreover, Cheng et al. [23] proved the existence of a global solution and blow-up solutions with positive probability for the nonlinear stochastic viscoelastic wave equation with linear damping (see [18, 22, 26]).
Recently, Cheng et al. [23] studied the stochastic viscoelastic wave equation with nonlinear damping and source terms
where D is a bounded domain in \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\) with smooth boundary ∂D, \(q\geq 2, p \geq 2\), ϵ is a given positive constant which measures the strength of noise; \(W(x,t)\) is an infinite dimensional Wiener process; \(\sigma (x,t,w)\) is \(L^{2}(D)\)-valued progressively measurable; and h is a positive relaxation function. The authors studied the global solution of stochastic viscoelastic wave equations with nonlinear damping and source terms.
$$\begin{aligned}& u_{tt} -\Delta u + \int_{0}^{t}h(t-\tau )\Delta u(\tau )\,d\tau + \vert u_{t} \vert ^{q-2} u_{t} \\& \quad = \vert u \vert ^{p-2}u + \epsilon \sigma (x,t) \partial_{t} W(x,t)\quad \mbox{in }D \times (0,T), \\& u=0\quad\mbox{on }\partial D \times (0,T), \\& u(x,0)=u_{0}(x), \qquad u_{t}(x,0)=u_{1}(x)\quad \mbox{in }\bar{D}, \end{aligned}$$
The previous work in Cheng et al. [23] established that the solution blows up with positive probability or it is explosive in energy sense for \(p>q\). Motivated by this work, we prove that the stochastic quasilinear viscoelastic wave equation (1.1) can blow up with positive probability or it is explosive in energy sense for \(p > \{q, \rho +2 \}\) and obtain the existence of global solution by the Borel-Cantelli lemma. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no results for the blow-up of solutions of stochastic quasilinear viscoelastic wave equation with positive probability.
This paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we present some assumptions, definitions, and lemmas needed for our work. The result for the local existence and a pointwise unique solution of equation (1.1) are given too. In Section 3, we show Lemmas 3.1 and 3.2. With those lemmas, we prove our main result for \(p> \{q, \rho +2 \}\). In Section 4, we obtain global existence of equation (1.1).
2 Preliminaries
Let \((X,\Vert \cdot \Vert _{X} )\) be a separable Hilbert space with Borel σ-algebra \(\mathbf{B}(X)\), and let \((\Omega ,\mathfrak{F}, P)\) be a probability space. We set \(H=L^{2}(D)\) with the inner product and norm denoted by \(( \cdot , \cdot )\) and \(\Vert \cdot \Vert \), respectively. We denote by \(\Vert \cdot \Vert _{q}\) the \(L^{q} (D)\) norm for \(0 \leq q \leq \infty \) and by \(\Vert \nabla \cdot \Vert \) the Dirichlet norm in \(V=H_{0}^{1}(D)\) which is equivalent to \(H^{1}(D)\) norm.
First, we introduce the following hypotheses:
- (H1)We assume that p, q, ρ satisfy$$\begin{aligned} \begin{aligned} &q \geq 2, \qquad p>2,\qquad \max \{p,q \} \leq \frac{2(n-1)}{n-2} \quad \mbox{if } n\geq 3; \\ & q \geq 2, \qquad p>2 \quad \mbox{if } n=1,2; \\ & 0\leq \rho \leq \frac{2}{n-2} \quad \mbox{if } n\geq 3, \qquad 0< \rho < \infty \quad \mbox{if } n=1,2. \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$(2.1)
- (H2)We assume that \(h:\mathbb{R}^{+} \to \mathbb{R} ^{+}\) is a bounded nonincreasing \(C^{1}\) function satisfyingand there exist positive constants \(\xi_{1}\) and \(\xi_{2}\) such that$$ h(s)>0, \quad 1-\int_{0}^{\infty } h(s)\,ds =l>0, $$$$\begin{aligned} -\xi_{1} h(t) \leq h^{\prime }(t) \leq - \xi_{2} h(t), \quad t \geq 0. \end{aligned}$$(2.2)
- (H3)\(\sigma (x,t)\) is \(H_{0}^{1}(D) \cap L^{\infty }(D)\)-valued progressively measurable such that$$\begin{aligned} E \int_{0}^{T} \bigl(\bigl\Vert \nabla \sigma (t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} +\bigl\Vert \sigma (t) \bigr\Vert _{\infty } ^{2} \bigr)\,dt < \infty . \end{aligned}$$(2.3)
Lemma 2.1
([8])
For all
\(u,v \in H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{n})\)
and
\(0< p \leq \frac{2}{n-2}\) (\(n\geq 3\)) or
\(p > 0\) (\(n=1,2\)), there exists a constant
\(c_{1}=c_{1} (n,p)>0\)
such that
$$ \Vert u \Vert _{L^{2(p-1)}} \leq c_{1} \Vert u \Vert _{H^{1}}, \qquad \bigl\Vert u^{p} v \bigr\Vert \leq c _{1}^{p+1} \Vert u \Vert _{H^{1}}^{p} \Vert v \Vert _{H^{1}}. $$
(2.4)
In this paper, \(E(\cdot )\) stands for expectation with respect to probability measure P, and \(W(x,t)(t\geq 0)\) is a V-valued Q-Wiener process on the probability space with the covariance operator Q satisfying \(\operatorname{Tr}(Q)<\infty \). A complete orthonormal system \(\{e_{k}\}_{k=1}^{\infty }\) in V with \(c_{0} : =\sup_{k\geq 1}\Vert e_{k} \Vert _{\infty } <\infty \) and a bounded sequence of nonnegative real members \(\{ \lambda_{k} \}_{k=1}^{\infty }\) satisfy that
To simplify the computations, we assume that the covariance operator Q and Laplacian −△ with a homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition have a common set of eigenfunctions, that is, and then, for any \(t \in [0,T]\), \(W(x,t)\) has an expansion
where \(\{\beta_{k}(t)\}_{k=1}^{\infty }\) are real-valued Brownian motions mutually independent of \((\Omega , \mathfrak{F},P)\). Let \(\mathcal{H}\) be the set of \(L_{2}^{0} =L^{2}(Q^{1/2}V,V)\)-valued processes with the norm
where \(\Phi^{*}(s)\) denotes the adjoint operator of \(\Phi (s)\). For any \(\Phi^{*}(t) \in \mathcal{H}\), we can define the stochastic integral with respect to the Q-Wiener process as \(\int_{0}^{t} \Phi (s)\,dW(s)\), which is martingale. For more details about the finite dimension Winner process and the stochastic integral, see [22].
$$\begin{aligned} Qe_{k} = \lambda_{k} e_{k}, \quad k=1,2,\ldots . \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned}& -\triangle e_{k} = \mu_{k} e_{k}, \quad x\in D, \\& e_{k} =0, \quad x\in \partial D, \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} W(x,t)=\sum_{k=1}^{\infty } \sqrt{ \lambda_{k}}\beta_{k}(t) e_{k}(t), \end{aligned}$$
(2.5)
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\Vert \Phi (t) \bigr\Vert _{\mathcal{H}}=\biggl(E \int_{0}^{t}\bigl\Vert \Phi (s) \bigr\Vert _{L_{2}^{0}} ^{2}\,ds\biggr)^{1/2}= \biggl(E \int_{0}^{t} \operatorname{Tr}\bigl(\Phi (s) Q \Phi^{*}(s)\bigr)\,ds\biggr)^{1/2} < \infty , \end{aligned}$$
(2.6)
Definition 2.1
Assume that \((u_{0},u_{1}) \in H_{0}^{1}(D) \times L^{2}(D)\) and \(E\int_{0}^{T}\Vert \sigma (t) \Vert ^{2}\,dt < \infty \). u is said to be the solution of (1.1) on the interval \([0,T]\) if \((u,u_{t})\) is \(H_{0}^{1}(D) \times L^{2}(D)\)-valued progressively measurable, \((u,u_{t})\in L^{2}(\Omega ; C([0,T];H_{0}^{1}(D) \times L^{2}(D)))\), \(u_{t} \in L^{q}((0,T)\times D)\), and such that (1.1) holds in the sense of distributions over \((0,T)\times D\) for almost all w.
By combining the arguments of [20, 23, 24], we get the existence result.
Theorem 2.1
Assume that (H1)-(H3) hold. Then, for the initial data
\((u_{0},u_{1}) \in (H^{2}(D) \cap H_{0} ^{1}(D))\times H_{0}^{1}(D)\), problem (1.1) has a pointwise unique solution
u
such that
and
$$ u \in L^{2}\bigl(\Omega ; L^{\infty }\bigl(0,T; H^{2}(D) \cap H_{0}^{1}(D)\bigr)\bigr) \cap L^{2}\bigl(\Omega ; C\bigl([0,T];H_{0}^{1}(D) \bigr)\bigr) $$
$$ u_{t} \in L^{2}\bigl(\Omega ; L^{\infty } \bigl(0,T;H_{0}^{1}(D)\bigr)\bigr)\cap L^{2}\bigl( \Omega ;C\bigl([0,T];L^{2}(D)\bigr)\bigr). $$
3 Blow-up result
In this section, we prove our main result for \(p>q\). For this purpose, we give defined restrictions on \(\sigma (x,t)\) and the relaxation function h such that
Now, we define an energy function
where
For each N, stopping time \(\tau_{N}\) is given as
where \(\tau_{N}\) is increasing in N, and \(\tau_{\infty }= \lim_{N \to \infty } \tau_{N}\). In order to prove our blow-up result, we rewrite (1.1) as an equivalent Itô’s system
where \((u_{0},u_{1})\in H_{0}^{1}(D)\times L^{2}(D)\). Then the energy function \(F(t)\) becomes
$$\begin{aligned} E \int_{0}^{\infty } \int_{D} \sigma^{2}(x,t)\,dx\,dt < \infty , \qquad \int_{0}^{\infty }h(s)\,ds < \frac{{p(p-2)}}{{(p-1)^{2}}}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.1)
$$\begin{aligned} F(t)&=\frac{{1}}{{\rho +2}}\bigl\Vert u_{t}(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{\rho +2} + \frac{{1}}{{2}}\bigl\Vert \nabla u_{t}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ &\quad {} +\frac{{1}}{{2}}\biggl(1- \int_{0}^{t} h(s)\,ds\biggr) \bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} + \frac{{1}}{{2}}(h \circ \nabla u) (t) - \frac{{1}}{{p}}\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p}, \end{aligned}$$
(3.2)
$$\begin{aligned} (h \circ \nabla u) (t)= \int_{0}^{t} h(t-s)\bigl\Vert \nabla u(t)-\nabla u(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2}\,ds. \end{aligned}$$
$$ \tau_{N}=\inf \bigl\{ t>0: \bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \geq N \bigr\} , $$
$$\begin{aligned}& \begin{aligned} &du=v\,dt, \\ &d\biggl(\frac{{1}}{{\rho +1}} \vert v \vert ^{\rho }v-\Delta v\biggr)= \biggl(\Delta u -\int_{0} ^{t} h(t-s) \Delta u(s)\,ds -\vert v \vert ^{q-2}v +\vert u \vert ^{p-2}u\biggr)\,dt \\ &\hphantom{\biggl(\frac{{1}}{{\rho +1}} \vert v \vert ^{\rho }v-\Delta v\biggr)=\quad }{}+\epsilon \sigma (x,t)\,dW_{t}(x,t), \quad (x,t)\in D \times (0,T), \\ & u(x,t)=0, \quad (x,t) \in \partial D \times (0,T), \\ & u(x,0)=u_{0}(x), \qquad v(x,0)=v_{0}(x)=u_{1}(x), \quad x\in D, \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$
(3.3)
$$\begin{aligned} F(t)&=\frac{{1}}{{\rho +2}}\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{\rho +2} + \frac{{1}}{{2}}\bigl\Vert \nabla v(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ &\quad {} +\frac{{1}}{{2}}\biggl(1- \int_{0}^{t} h(s)\,ds\biggr) \bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} + \frac{{1}}{{2}}(h \circ \nabla u) (t) - \frac{{1}}{{p}}\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.4)
Lemma 3.1
Let
\((u,v)\)
be a solution of Eq. (3.3) with the initial data
\((u_{0},v_{0})\in H_{0}^{1}(D)\times L^{2}(D)\). Then we have
and
$$\begin{aligned} \frac{{d}}{{dt}}E F(t)&= -E \bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{q}^{q} + \frac{{\epsilon ^{2}}}{{2}} \sum_{j=1}^{\infty } E\int_{D} \lambda _{j} e_{j}^{2}(x) \sigma^{2}(x,t)\,dx \\ & \quad {}-E\bigl(-h'\circ \nabla u\bigr) (t)-\frac{{1}}{{2}}h(t)E \bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ & \leq -E \bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{q}^{q} + \frac{{\epsilon ^{2}}}{{2}} \sum_{j=1} ^{\infty } E \int_{D} \lambda_{j} e_{j}^{2}(x) \sigma^{2}(x,t)\,dx, \end{aligned}$$
(3.5)
$$\begin{aligned} &E\biggl(u(t),\frac{{1}}{{\rho +1}}\bigl\vert v(t) \bigr\vert ^{\rho }v(t) - \Delta v(t)\biggr) \\ &\quad =\biggl(u_{0}, \frac{{1}}{{\rho +1}}\vert u_{1} \vert ^{\rho }u_{1}- \Delta u_{1}\biggr)- \int_{0}^{t} E\bigl\Vert \nabla u(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2}\,ds \\ & \quad \quad {} - \int_{0}^{t} E\bigl(u(s),\bigl\vert v(s) \bigr\vert ^{q-2}v(s)\bigr)\,ds + \int_{0}^{t} E \bigl\Vert u(s) \bigr\Vert _{p} ^{p}\,ds \\ &\quad \quad {} +E \int_{0}^{t} \int_{0}^{s} h(s-\tau ) \bigl(\nabla u(\tau ), \nabla u(s)\bigr)\,d\tau \,ds \\ &\quad \quad {} +\frac{{1}}{{\rho +1}}E \int_{0}^{t} \bigl\Vert v(s) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{\rho +2}\,ds +E \int_{0}^{t} \bigl\Vert \nabla v(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2}\,ds. \end{aligned}$$
(3.6)
Proof
By multiplying Eq. (3.3) by \(v(t)\) and using Itô’s formula, we deduce (3.5). Also, multiplying Eq. (3.3) by \(u(t)\) and integrating by parts over \((0,T)\), we arrive at (3.6) (see [24]). □
Let
Due to (3.1), we deduce
We set
Then (3.5) implies that
$$ G(t) =\frac{{\epsilon ^{2}}}{{2}}\sum_{j=1}^{\infty } E \int_{0}^{t} \int_{D} \lambda_{j} e_{j}^{2}(x) \sigma^{2}(x,s)\,dx \,ds. $$
(3.7)
$$\begin{aligned} G(\infty )&= \frac{{\epsilon ^{2}}}{{2}}\sum_{j=1}^{\infty } E \int _{0}^{\infty } \int_{D} \lambda_{j} e_{j}^{2}(x) \sigma^{2}(x,s)\,dx \,ds \\ & \leq \frac{{\epsilon ^{2}}}{{2}} \operatorname{Tr}(Q) c_{0}^{2} E \int_{0}^{\infty } \int_{D} \sigma^{2}(x,s)\,dx \,ds=E_{1} < \infty . \end{aligned}$$
(3.8)
$$ H(t)=G(t)-E\bigl[F(t)\bigr]. $$
$$ H^{\prime }(t)=G^{\prime }(t) - \frac{{d}}{{dt}}E \bigl[F(t)\bigr] \geq E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{q} ^{q} \geq 0. $$
(3.9)
Lemma 3.2
Let
\((u,v)\)
be a solution of Eq. (3.3). Then there exists a positive constant
C
such that
$$\begin{aligned} E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{s} & \leq C\bigl[ G(t)-H(t) -E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{\rho +2} \\ &\quad {} -E\bigl\Vert \nabla v(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} +E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} - E(h \circ \nabla u) (t) \bigr], \quad 2\leq s\leq p. \end{aligned}$$
(3.10)
Proof
If \(\Vert u \Vert _{p} \leq 1\), then \(\Vert u \Vert _{p}^{s} \leq \Vert u \Vert _{p}^{2} \leq C\Vert \nabla u \Vert ^{2}\) by the Sobolev embedding theorem. If \(\Vert u \Vert _{p} \geq 1\), then \(\Vert u \Vert _{p}^{s} \leq \Vert u \Vert _{p}^{p}\). Thus there exists a constant \(C>0\) such that \(E\Vert u \Vert _{p}^{s} \leq C( E\Vert \nabla u \Vert ^{2} + E\Vert u \Vert _{p}^{p})\). Therefore, combining with the definition of energy function, we get (3.10). □
Theorem 3.1
Assume that (H1)-(H3) and (3.1) hold. Let
\((u,v)\)
be a solution of Eq. (3.3) with the initial data
\((u_{0},v _{0}) \in H_{0}^{1}(D)\times L^{2}(D)\)
satisfying
where
\(\beta >0\)
is an arbitrary constant and
\(E_{1}\)
is defined in (3.8). If
\(p> \{ q, \rho +2 \}\), then the solution
\((u,v)\)
and the lifespan
\(\tau_{\infty }\)
defined above are either
$$\begin{aligned} F(0) \leq -(1+\beta )E_{1}, \end{aligned}$$
(3.11)
- (1)
\(P(\tau_{\infty }<\infty ) > 0\), that is, \(\Vert \nabla u(t) \Vert \) blows up in finite time with positive probability, or
- (2)there exists a positive time \(T^{*} \in [0,T_{0}]\) such thatwhere$$ \lim_{t \to T^{*} } E\bigl[F(t)\bigr]= +\infty , $$(3.12)and α, K are given later.$$\begin{aligned} \begin{aligned} & T_{0} = \frac{1-\alpha }{\alpha K L^{\alpha /(1-\alpha )}(0)} , \\ &L(0)=H^{1-\alpha }(0) + \delta E\biggl(u_{0}, \frac{1}{\rho +1} \vert u_{1} \vert ^{ \rho } u_{1} - \Delta u_{1} \biggr) >0, \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$(3.13)
Proof
For the lifespan \(\tau_{\infty }\) of the solution \(\{ u(t): t>0 \}\) of Eq. (3.3) with \(H_{0}^{1}(D)\) norm, we treat the case when \(P( \tau_{\infty }= +\infty ) <1\). Then, for sufficiently large \(T>0\), by (3.9) and (3.11), we obtain
Define
where
and δ is a very small constant to be determined later.
$$\begin{aligned} 0< (1+\beta )E_{1} \leq -F(0)=H(0)\leq H(t)\leq G(t) +\frac{1}{p}E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} \leq E_{1} + \frac{1}{p}E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p} ^{p}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.14)
$$ L(t)=H^{1-\alpha }(t) + \delta E\biggl(u(t), \frac{1}{\rho +1} \bigl\vert v(t) \bigr\vert ^{ \rho }v(t) - \Delta v(t) \biggr), $$
$$ 0< \alpha < \min \biggl\{ \frac{1}{2}, \frac{p-2}{2p}, \frac{p-q}{pq}, \frac{1}{ \rho +2}-\frac{1}{p}\biggr\} $$
(3.15)
Using (3.6) and (3.9), we deduce
On the other hand, we have
and by Hölder’s inequality, we get
Inserting (3.17) and (3.18) into (3.16), we obtain
For \(q< p\), by \(E\Vert u(t) \Vert _{q}^{q} \leq cE\Vert u(t) \Vert _{p}^{q}\) and Hölder’s inequality, we deduce the following estimate (see [23]):
and Young’s inequality
where μ is a constant to be determined later. In view of (3.14), we get
where \(\widetilde{\rho } = p\beta /(1+\beta )\). With the assumption of \(H(0)>1\), (3.21), (3.22), and (3.15) imply that
Combining with (3.20), (3.21), and (3.23), we arrive at
where \(a_{1}=C\widetilde{\rho }^{\frac{{1}}{{p}} -\frac{{1}}{{q}}}\). Hence, substituting (3.24) for (3.19), we get
Using Lemma 3.2 with \(s=p\) and (3.25), we have
where \(a_{2}=Ca_{1} H^{-\alpha }(0)/q \).
$$\begin{aligned} L^{\prime }(t)& =(1-\alpha ) H^{-\alpha }(t)H^{\prime }(t) +\delta \biggl[ -E\bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} -E\bigl(u(t), \bigl\vert v(t) \bigr\vert ^{q-2} v(t)\bigr) \\ & \quad {}+ E \bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} +E \int_{0}^{t} h(t-\tau ) \bigl(\nabla u( \tau ),\nabla u(t)\bigr)\,d\tau \\ & \quad {}+ \frac{{1} }{{\rho +1}}E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{\rho +2} +E\bigl\Vert \nabla v(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \biggr] \\ &\geq (1-\alpha ) H^{-\alpha }(t) E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{q}^{q} + \delta p \bigl[H(t) -G(t) + E F(t)\bigr] \\ & \quad {}-\delta E\bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} -\delta E \bigl(u(t), \bigl\vert v(t) \bigr\vert ^{q-2}v(t)\bigr) + \delta E \bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} \\ & \quad {} +\delta E \int_{0}^{t} h(t-\tau ) \bigl(\nabla u(\tau ),\nabla u(t)\bigr)\,d\tau + \frac{{\delta } }{{\rho +1}}E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{\rho +2} + \delta E\bigl\Vert \nabla v(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ & \geq (1-\alpha ) H^{-\alpha }(t)E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{q}^{q} + \delta p H(t) \\ & \quad {}+ \delta \biggl(\frac{{p} }{{\rho +2}}+ \frac{{1} }{{\rho +1}}\biggr) E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{ \rho +2}^{\rho +2} \\ & \quad {}+ \delta \biggl( \frac{p}{2} -1\biggr) E\bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ & \quad {}+\delta \biggl( \frac{{p} }{{2}}+1\biggr)E\bigl\Vert \nabla v(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} -\delta E\bigl(u(t), \bigl\vert v(t) \bigr\vert ^{q-2}v(t)\bigr) \\ & \quad {}+\delta E \int_{0}^{t} h(t-\tau ) \bigl(\nabla u(\tau ),\nabla u(t)\bigr)\,d\tau \\ & \quad {}+\frac{{\delta p}}{{2}} E(h \circ \nabla u) (t)- \frac{{\delta p}}{{2}}E \int_{0}^{t} h(\tau )\,d\tau \bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} -\delta p G(t). \end{aligned}$$
(3.16)
$$\begin{aligned} & \delta E \int_{0}^{t} h(t-\tau ) \bigl(\nabla u(\tau ),\nabla u(t)\bigr)\,d\tau \\ & \quad =\delta E \int_{0}^{t} h(t-\tau ) \bigl(\nabla u(\tau ) - \nabla u(t) ,\nabla u(t)\bigr)\,d\tau \\ & \qquad {}+\delta E \int_{0}^{t} h(\tau )\,d\tau \bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2}, \end{aligned}$$
(3.17)
$$\begin{aligned} & \delta E\int_{0}^{t} h(t-\tau ) \bigl(\nabla u(\tau ) - \nabla u(t) , \nabla u(t)\bigr)\,d\tau \\ & \quad \geq -\frac{{\delta p}}{{2}} E(h \circ \nabla u) (t) - \frac{{\delta }}{{2p}} E \int_{0}^{t} h(\tau )\,d\tau \bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.18)
$$\begin{aligned} L^{\prime }(t) &\geq (1-\alpha )H^{-\alpha }(t)E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{q}^{q} + \delta p H(t) \\ &\quad {} + \delta \biggl( \frac{{p}}{{\rho +2}}+ \frac{{1}}{{\rho +1}}\biggr) E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{ \rho +2}^{\rho +2} \\ &\quad {} + \delta \biggl( \frac{p}{2} -1\biggr)E\bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ &\quad {} + \delta \biggl(\frac{{p}}{{2}}+1\biggr) E\bigl\Vert \nabla v(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} -\delta E\bigl(u(t), \bigl\vert v(t) \bigr\vert ^{q-2}v(t)\bigr) \\ &\quad {}-\delta p G(t) +\delta \biggl(1-\frac{{p^{2} +1}}{{2p}}\biggr) E \int_{0}^{t} h( \tau )\,d\tau \bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.19)
$$\begin{aligned} E\bigl(u(t), \bigl\vert v(t) \bigr\vert ^{q-2}v(t) \bigr)& \leq \bigl(E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{q}^{q} \bigr)^{ \frac{{q-1}}{{q}}} \bigl(E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{q}^{q} \bigr)^{\frac{{1}}{{q}}} \\ & \leq C\bigl(E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{q}^{q} \bigr)^{\frac{{q-1}}{{q}}} \bigl(E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{q} \bigr)^{ \frac{{1}}{{q}}} \\ & \leq C \bigl(E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{q}^{q} \bigr)^{\frac{{q-1}}{{q}}} \bigl(E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} \bigr)^{ \frac{{1}}{{p}}} \\ & \leq C\bigl(E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{q}^{q} \bigr)^{\frac{{q-1}}{{q}}} \bigl(E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} \bigr)^{ \frac{{1}}{{q}}} \bigl(E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} \bigr)^{\frac{{1}}{{p}} -\frac{{1}}{{q}}} \end{aligned}$$
(3.20)
$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl(E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{q}^{q} \bigr)^{\frac{{q-1}}{{q}}} \bigl(E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} \bigr)^{ \frac{{1}}{{q}}} \leq \frac{{q-1}}{{q}}\mu E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{q}^{q} + \frac{{\mu ^{1-q}}}{{q}}E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p}, \end{aligned}$$
(3.21)
$$ E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} \geq p\bigl(H(t)-G(t)\bigr)\geq \widetilde{\rho } H(t), $$
(3.22)
$$ \bigl(E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} \bigr)^{\frac{{1}}{{p}} -\frac{{1}}{{q}}} \leq \widetilde{\rho }^{\frac{{1}}{{p}} -\frac{{1}}{{q}}}H(t)^{ \frac{{1}}{{p}} -\frac{{1}}{{q}}} \leq \widetilde{\rho }^{ \frac{{1}}{{p}} -\frac{{1}}{{q}}}H^{-\alpha }(t) \leq \widetilde{\rho } ^{\frac{{1}}{{p}} -\frac{{1}}{{q}}}H^{-\alpha }(0). $$
(3.23)
$$ \bigl\vert E\bigl(u(t), \bigr\vert v(t)\bigl\vert ^{q-2}v(t)\bigr) \bigr\vert \leq a_{1} \frac{{q-1}}{{q}}\mu E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{q} ^{q} H^{-\alpha }(t) + a_{1} \frac{{\mu ^{1-q}}}{{q}}E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} H^{-\alpha }(t), $$
(3.24)
$$\begin{aligned} L^{\prime }(t) &\geq \biggl(1-\alpha -a_{1} \frac{{q-1}}{{q}}\mu \delta \biggr)H ^{-\alpha }(t)E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{q}^{q} +\delta p H(t) \\ &\quad {}+ \delta \biggl( \frac{{p}}{{\rho +2}}+ \frac{{1}}{{\rho +1}}\biggr) E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{ \rho +2}^{\rho +2} \\ &\quad {}+ \delta \biggl( \frac{p}{2} -1\biggr)E\bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ &\quad {}+ \delta \biggl(\frac{{p}}{{2}}+1\biggr) E\bigl\Vert \nabla v(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} -\delta p G(t) \\ &\quad {}+ \delta \biggl(1-\frac{{p^{2} +1}}{{2p}}\biggr) \int_{0}^{t} h(\tau )\,d\tau E\bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ &\quad {}-\delta a_{1} \frac{ \mu^{1-q}}{q} E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} H^{- \alpha } (0). \end{aligned}$$
(3.25)
$$\begin{aligned} L^{\prime }(t) &\geq \biggl(1-\alpha -a_{1} \frac{{q-1}}{{q}}\mu \delta \biggr)H ^{-\alpha }(t)E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{q}^{q} +\delta p H(t) \\ &\quad {} + \delta \biggl( \frac{{p}}{{\rho +2}}+ \frac{{1}}{{\rho +1}}\biggr) E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{ \rho +2}^{\rho +2} \\ &\quad {} + \delta \biggl( \frac{p}{2} -1\biggr)E\bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ &\quad {} + \delta \biggl(\frac{{p}}{{2}}+1\biggr) E\bigl\Vert \nabla v(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} -\delta p G(t) \\ &\quad {} +\delta \biggl(1-\frac{{p^{2} +1}}{{2p}}\biggr) E \int_{0}^{t} h(\tau )\,d\tau \bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ &\quad {}-\delta a_{2} \mu^{1-q} \bigl[G(t) -H(t) - E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{\rho +2} \\ &\quad {} -E\bigl\Vert \nabla v(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2}+E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} -E(h\circ \nabla u) (t)\bigr] \\ &\geq \biggl(1-\alpha -a_{1} \frac{{q-1}}{{q}}\mu \delta \biggr)H^{-\alpha }(t)E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{q} ^{q} \\ &\quad {}+\delta \bigl( p +a_{2} \mu^{1-q}\bigr) H(t) -\delta \bigl( p+ a_{2} \mu^{1-q}\bigr)G(t) \\ &\quad {} + \delta \biggl( \frac{{p}}{{\rho +2}}+ \frac{{1}}{{\rho +1}}+ a_{2} \mu ^{1-q}\biggr) E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{\rho +2} \\ &\quad {} + \delta \biggl(\frac{{p}}{{2}}+1 +a_{2} \mu^{1-q} \biggr) E\bigl\Vert \nabla v(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} - \delta a_{2} \mu^{1-q}E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} \\ &\quad {} +\delta a_{2} \mu^{1-q}E(h\circ \nabla u) (t) \\ &\quad {}+\delta \biggl[\frac{{p}}{{2}}-1 +\biggl(1-\frac{{p^{2} +1}}{{2p}}\biggr) \int_{0}^{t} h( \tau )\,d\tau \biggr]E\bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2}, \end{aligned}$$
(3.26)
Note that
with
we write \(p=2a_{4}+(p-2a_{4})\) with \(a_{4}=\min \{ a_{1}, a_{3}\}\), then estimate (3.26) yields
From (3.8) and (3.14), we deduce
Substituting (3.30) with (3.29), we get
Next, we can choose μ large enough so that (3.31) becomes
where
Once μ is fixed, we pick δ small enough so that
Using this, (3.32) takes the form
Thus, we see that
Consequently, we get
Since
we have
where \(\frac{{1}}{{\zeta }} +\frac{{1}}{{\theta }}=1\). By choosing \(\zeta = \frac{{(1-\alpha )(\rho +2)}}{{\rho +1}} (>1)\), we have \(\frac{{\theta }}{{2(1-\alpha )}}= \frac{{\rho +2}}{{2[(1-\alpha )(\rho +2)-(\rho +1)]}} <\frac{{p}}{{2}}\). And with (3.15), (3.36) becomes
Using Lemma 3.2 with \(s= \frac{{\rho +2}}{{2[(1-\alpha )(\rho +2)-(\rho +1)]}}\), we obtain
Therefore, we deduce, for all \(t\geq 0\),
Combining (3.33) and (3.37)
with a positive constant K depending on C and δγ, it follows that
Let
Then \(L(t) \to \infty \) as \(t \to T_{0}\). This means that there exists a positive time \(T^{*} \in (0,T_{0}]\) such that
As for the case when \(P(\tau_{\infty }=+\infty ) < 1\) (i.e., \(P(\tau_{\infty } < + \infty )>0\)), then \(\Vert \nabla u(t) \Vert \) blows up in finite time \(T^{*} \in (0, \tau_{\infty })\) with positive probability. Thus, the proof of Theorem 3.1 is completed. □
$$\begin{aligned} H(t) &\geq G(t) +\frac{{1}}{{p}} E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} - \frac{{1}}{{\rho +2}}E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{\rho +2} \\ &\quad {}-\frac{{1}}{{2}}E\bigl\Vert \nabla v(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} -\frac{1}{2} \bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} - \frac{{1}}{{2}}E(h\circ \nabla u) (t) \end{aligned}$$
(3.27)
$$ a_{3}= \frac{{p}}{{2}}-1 +\biggl(1- \frac{{p^{2} +1}}{{2p}}\biggr) \int_{0}^{t} h( \tau )\,d\tau >0, $$
(3.28)
$$\begin{aligned} L^{\prime }(t) &\geq \biggl(1-\alpha -a_{1} \frac{{q-1}}{{q}}\mu \delta \biggr)H ^{-\alpha }(t)E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{q}^{q} \\ & \quad {}+ \delta \bigl( p-2a_{4} +a_{2} \mu^{1-q}\bigr) H(t) - \delta \bigl( p-2a_{4} +a _{2} \mu^{1-q} \bigr) G(t) \\ & \quad {}+ \delta \biggl( \frac{{p}}{{\rho +2}}-\frac{{2a_{4}}}{{\rho +2}}+ \frac{{1}}{{\rho +1}} +a_{2} \mu^{1-q}\biggr) E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{\rho +2} \\ & \quad {}+ \delta \biggl(\frac{{p}}{{2}}-a_{4}+1+a_{2}\mu^{1-q}\biggr) E\bigl\Vert \nabla v(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ &\quad {}+ \delta \biggl(- a_{2} \mu^{1-q}+\frac{{2a_{4}}}{{p}}\biggr) E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} \\ & \quad {}+ \delta \bigl( a_{2} \mu^{1-q}-a_{4}\bigr)E(h\circ \nabla u) (t) + \delta (a _{3}-a_{4})E\bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.29)
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl( p-2a_{4} +a_{2} \mu^{1-q} \bigr) G(t) &\leq \bigl( p-2a_{4} +a_{2} \mu^{1-q} \bigr)E _{1} \\ & \leq \frac{{ p-2a_{4} +a_{2} \mu ^{1-q}}}{{1+\beta }} H(t) . \end{aligned}$$
(3.30)
$$\begin{aligned} L^{\prime }(t) &\geq \biggl(1-\alpha -a_{1} \frac{{q-1}}{{q}}\mu \delta \biggr)H ^{-\alpha }(t)E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{q}^{q} \\ &\quad {} + \delta \bigl( p-2a_{4} +a_{2} \mu^{1-q}\bigr) \frac{{\beta }}{{1+\beta }} H(t) \\ &\quad {} + \delta \biggl( \frac{{p}}{{\rho +2}}-\frac{{2a_{4}}}{{\rho +2}}+ \frac{{1}}{{\rho +1}} +a_{2} \mu^{1-q}\biggr) E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{\rho +2} \\ &\quad {} + \delta \biggl(\frac{{p}}{{2}}-a_{4}+1 +a_{2} \mu^{1-q}\biggr) E\bigl\Vert \nabla v(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ &\quad {} + \delta \biggl(- a_{2} \mu^{1-q}+\frac{{2a_{4}}}{{p}} \biggr) E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} \\ &\quad {} + \delta \bigl( a_{2} \mu^{1-q}-a_{4}\bigr)E(h \circ \nabla u) (t) + \delta (a _{3}-a_{4})E\bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.31)
$$\begin{aligned} L^{\prime }(t) &\geq \biggl(1-\alpha -a_{1} \frac{{q-1}}{{q}}\mu \delta \biggr)H ^{-\alpha }(t)E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{q}^{q} + \delta \gamma \bigl(H(t) +E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{\rho +2} +E\bigl\Vert \nabla v(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ & \quad {}+ E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} + E(h \circ \nabla u) (t)+E\bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \bigr), \end{aligned}$$
(3.32)
$$\begin{aligned} \gamma &= \min \biggl\{ \bigl( p-2a_{4} +a_{2} \mu^{1-q}\bigr) \frac{{\beta }}{{1+\beta }}, \frac{{p}}{{\rho +2}}- \frac{{2a_{4}}}{{\rho +2}}+ \frac{{1}}{{\rho +1}} +a_{2} \mu^{1-q}, \\ & \quad {} \frac{{p}}{{2}}-a_{4}+1+a_{2} \mu^{1-q}, - a_{2} \mu^{1-q}+ \frac{{2a_{4}}}{{p}}, a_{2} \mu^{1-q}-a_{4}, a_{3}-a_{4} \biggr\} >0. \end{aligned}$$
$$ 1-\alpha -a_{1} \frac{{q-1}}{{q}}\mu \delta >0. $$
$$\begin{aligned} L^{\prime }(t) &\geq \delta \gamma \bigl(H(t) +E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{ \rho +2} +E\bigl\Vert \nabla v(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ &\quad {}+ E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} + E(h \circ \nabla u) (t)+E\bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \bigr). \end{aligned}$$
(3.33)
$$\begin{aligned} L(t) \geq L(0)=H^{1-\alpha }(0) + \delta E \biggl(u_{0}, \frac{{1}}{{\rho +1}}\vert u_{1} \vert ^{\rho }u_{1} - \Delta u_{1}\biggr)>0, \quad \forall t \geq0. \end{aligned}$$
(3.34)
$$ L(t) \geq L(0)>0, \quad \forall t \geq 0. $$
(3.35)
$$\begin{aligned} \biggl\vert E\int_{D} \bigl\vert v(t)\bigr\vert ^{\rho }v(t)u(t) \,dx \biggr\vert &\leq E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{ \rho +1} E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2} \\ & \leq CE\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{\rho +1} E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}, \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} \biggl\vert E\int_{D} \bigl\vert v(t)\bigr\vert ^{\rho }v(t)u(t)\,dx \biggr\vert ^{\frac{{1}}{{1-\alpha }}} &\leq E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{\frac{{\rho +1}}{{1-\alpha }}} E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{ \rho +2}^{\frac{{1}}{{1-\alpha }}} \\ &\leq C \bigl[\bigl(E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{\rho +2}\bigr)^{ \frac{ {(\rho +1)}}{{(\rho +2)(1-\alpha )}}\zeta } + \bigl(E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p} ^{2}\bigr)^{\frac{{\theta }}{{2(1-\alpha )}}}\bigr], \end{aligned}$$
(3.36)
$$\begin{aligned} \biggl\vert E \int_{D} \bigl\vert v(t)\bigr\vert ^{\rho }v(t)u(t) \,dx \biggr\vert ^{\frac{{1}}{{1-\alpha }}} \leq C \bigl\{ E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{\rho +2} + \bigl(E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{2}\bigr)^{ \frac{{\rho +2}}{{2[(1-\alpha )(\rho +2)-(\rho +1)]}}}\bigr\} . \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} \biggl\vert E\int_{D} \bigl\vert v(t)\bigr\vert ^{\rho }v(t)u(t)\,dx \biggr\vert ^{\frac{{1}}{{1-\alpha }}} & \leq C \bigl[ H(t) +E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{\rho +2} +E\bigl\Vert \nabla v(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ &\quad {}+ E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} + E(h \circ \nabla u) (t)+E\bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2}\bigr] . \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} L^{\frac{{1}}{{1-\alpha }}}(t)&=\biggl(H^{1-\alpha }(t) + \frac{{\delta }}{{\rho +1}} E \int_{D} \bigl\vert v(t) \bigr\vert ^{\rho }v(t)u(t) \,dx +\delta E \int_{D} \nabla v(t) \cdot \nabla u(t)\,dx \biggr)^{ \frac{{1}}{{1-\alpha }}} \\ & \leq C \bigl[ H(t) +E\bigl\Vert v(t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{\rho +2} +E\bigl\Vert \nabla v(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} \\ &\quad {}+ E\bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} + E(h \circ \nabla u) (t)+E\bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2}\bigr] . \end{aligned}$$
(3.37)
$$\begin{aligned} L^{\prime }(t) \geq KL^{\frac{{1}}{{1-\alpha }}}(t),\quad \forall t\geq 0 \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} L^{\frac{{\alpha }}{{1-\alpha }}}(t) \geq \frac{{1-\alpha }}{{(1-\alpha )L^{-{{\alpha }\over {1-\alpha }}}(0)-\alpha K t }}. \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} T_{0} = \frac{{1-\alpha }}{{\alpha K L^{{{\alpha }\over {1-\alpha }}}(0)}}. \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} \lim_{t \to T^{*}} E\bigl[F(t)\bigr] = + \infty . \end{aligned}$$
4 Global existence
In this section, we show that the solution of (1.1) is global if \(q \geq p\). We use the Borel-Cantelli lemma to prove the existence of a global solution. For this goal, we introduce an energy function
$$\begin{aligned} e\bigl(u(t)\bigr)= \bigl\Vert u_{t} (t) \bigr\Vert _{\rho +2}^{\rho +2} + \bigl\Vert \nabla u(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2}+ \bigl\Vert \nabla u_{t} (t) \bigr\Vert ^{2} + \bigl\Vert u(t) \bigr\Vert _{p}^{p} +(h \circ \nabla u) (t). \end{aligned}$$
(4.1)
Theorem 4.1
Assume that
\((u_{0},u_{1})\in H_{0}^{1} (D) \times L^{2} (D)\), \(E\int_{0}^{T} \Vert \sigma (t) \Vert ^{2}\,dt <\infty \), and condition (2.1) holds. If
\(q\geq p\), \(u(t)\)
is a solution of (1.1) with the initial data
\((u_{0},u_{1})\in H_{0}^{1} (D) \times L^{2} (D)\)
according to Definition 2.1
on the interval
\([0,T]\), then for any
\(T>0\), we have
$$ E \sup_{ 0 \leq t \leq T} e\bigl(u(t)\bigr) < \infty . $$
(4.2)
Proof
For any \(T>0\), we will show that \(u_{N}(t) = u(t \wedge \tau_{N} ) \to u(t)\) (a.e.) as \(N \to \infty \) for any \(t\leq T\), so that the local solution becomes a global solution where \(\tau_{N}\) is a stopping time which is defined in Section 3. Similarly to Theorem 12 of [23], we can derive the proof of the theorem. □
Declarations
Availability of data and materials
No availability.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant ♯ NRF-2016R1D1A1B03930361). This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (No. 2017R1E1A1A03070224).
Authors’ contributions
The article is a joint work of the three authors, who contributed equally to the final version of the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
All parts in this manuscript were approved by the authors.
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The authors declare to have no competing interests.
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This work was consent for publication.
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Authors’ Affiliations
(1)
Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, South Korea
(2)
Department of Mathematics, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
(3)
Institute of Liberal Education, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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