General decay for viscoelastic plate equation with p-Laplacian and time-varying delay

In this paper we study the viscoelastic plate equation with p-Laplacian and time-varying delay. We establish a general decay rate result under some restrictions on the coefficients of strong damping and strong time-varying delay and weakening the usual assumptions on the relaxation function, using the energy perturbation method.

In this paper, we are concerned with the following problem:

where Ω is a bounded domain of \({\mathbb {R}}^{n}\) with a sufficiently smooth boundary ∂Ω, and

is the p-Laplacian operator. The unknown function \(u(x,t)\) denotes the transverse displacement of a plate filament with prescribed history \(u_{0} (x,t), t\leq0 \). The constants α and \(\mu_{1}\) are positive and \(\mu_{2}\) is a real number. The function \(\tau(t)>0\) represents the time-varying delay, \(g>0\) is the memory kernel and f is forcing term.

The plate equation with lower order perturbation of p-Laplacian type,

has been extensively studied (see [1–3]) and results concerning existence, nonexistence and long-time behavior of solutions have been considered. This model can be regarded as describing elastoplastic microstructure flows. On the other hand, the elliptic problem for p-Laplace operator can be found in [4]. Recently, Torres [5] showed the existence of a solution for the fractional p-Laplacian Dirichlet problem with mixed derivatives.

When \(\mu_{2}=0\) in Eq. (1.1), that is, in the absence of delay, problem (1.1) with strong damping was investigated by Jorge Silva and Ma [6]. They established exponential stability of solutions under the condition

for some \(c>0\). Andrade et al. [7] proved exponential stability of solutions for the plate equation with finite memory and p-Laplacian. The viscosity term \(-\Delta u_{t}\) is often called a Kelvin–Voigt type dissipation or strong dissipation; it appears in phenomena of wave propagation in a viscoelastic material. Nakao [8] obtained the existence and uniqueness of a global decaying solution for the quasilinear wave equation with Kelvin–Voigt dissipation and a derivative nonlinearity. Pukach et al. [9] studied sufficient conditions of nonexistence of global in time solution for a nonlinear evolution equation with memory generalizing the Voigt–Kelvin model. Recently, Cavalcanti et al. [10] considered intrinsic decay rates for the energy of a nonlinear viscoelastic equation modeling the vibrations of thin rods with variable density.

Time delays so often arise in many physical, chemical, biological, thermal, and economical phenomena because these phenomena depend not only on the present state but also on the past history of the system in a more complicated way. In recent years, there has been published much work concerning the wave equation with constant delay or time-varying delay effects. Nicaise and Pignotti [11] investigated some stability results for the following wave equation with a linear damping and delay term in the domain:

in the case \(0<\mu_{2} <\mu_{1} \). Moreover, the same results were obtained when both the damping and the delay act on the boundary. Nicaise and Pignotti [12] studied exponential stability results for the following wave equation with time-dependent delay:

under the condition \(\vert \mu_{2} \vert < \sqrt{1-d} \mu_{1} \). Kirane and Said-Houari [13] considered the following viscoelastic wave equation with a linear damping and a delay term:

where \(\mu_{1}\) and \(\mu_{2}\) are positive constants. When \(\mu_{2} \leq\mu_{1}\), they proved general decay of the energy under the condition

where \(\xi:R^{+} \rightarrow R^{+}\) is a nonincreasing differentiable function. Dai and Yang [14] improved the results of [13]. They also obtained an exponentially decay results for the energy of the problem (1.8) in the case \(\mu_{1}=0\). Liu [15] studied a general decay result for the following viscoelastic wave equation with time-dependent delay:

under the conditions (1.9) and \(\vert \mu_{2} \vert < \sqrt{1-d} \mu_{1}\). For the plate equation with time delay term, Yang [16] considered the stability for an Euler–Bernoulli viscoelastic equation with constant delay

under the conditions (1.5) and \(0< \vert \mu_{2} \vert < \mu_{1}\). Moreover, he proved the exponential decay results of the energy in the case \(\mu_{1}=0\). Recently, Feng [17] investigated an exponential stability results for the following plate equation with time-varying delay and past history:

under the conditions (1.5) and \(0< \vert \mu_{2} \vert < \sqrt{1-d} \mu _{1}\). Mustafa and Kafini [18] showed the decay rates for memory type plate system (1.12) with \(\tau(t)=\tau\) and \(f(u)=-u \vert u \vert ^{\gamma}\). Park [19] obtained the general decay estimates for a viscoelastic plate equation with time-varying delay under the condition (1.9). The stability of the solutions to a viscoelastic system under the condition (1.9) was studied in [20–23] and the references therein. With respect to wave equation with strong time delay, there is just little published work. Messaoudi et al. [24] considered the following wave equation with strong time delay:

and proved the well-posedness under the condition \(\vert \mu _{2} \vert \leq \mu_{1}\) and obtained exponential decay of energy under the condition \(\vert \mu_{2} \vert < \mu_{1} \). Recently, Feng [25] established the general decay result for the following viscoelastic wave equation with strong time-dependent delay:

under the conditions (1.9) and \(\vert \mu_{2} \vert < \sqrt {1-d} \mu_{1}\).

However, to the best of my knowledge, there is no stability result for the viscoelastic plate equation with strong time-varying delay. Motivated by [24, 25], we study a general decay result for viscoelastic plate equation with p-Laplacian and time-varying delay (1.1)–(1.4) for relaxation function g satisfying the condition (1.9). This result improves on earlier ones in the literature because it allows for certain relaxation functions which are not necessarily of exponential or polynomial decay.

We end this section by establishing the usual history setting of problem (1.1)–(1.4). Following a method devised in [26–29], we shall use a new variable \(\eta^{t}\) to the system with past history. Let us define

Differentiating in (1.15) we have

Taking \({\alpha= 1+ \int_{0}^{\infty}g (s) \,d s}\), the original problem (1.1)–(1.4) can be transformed into the new system

with boundary conditions

and initial conditions

where

The paper is organized as follows. In Sect. 2, we state the notation and main result. In Sect. 3, we prove the general decay of the solutions to the viscoelastic plate equation with p-Laplacian and time-varying delay by using the energy perturbation method.

In this section, we present some material needed in the proof of our result and state the main result.

For a Banach space \(X, \Vert \cdot \Vert _{X}\) denotes the norm of X. For simplicity, we denote \(\Vert \cdot \Vert _{L^{2}(\Omega)}\) by \(\Vert \cdot \Vert \). We use the standard Lebesgue and Sobolev spaces, with their usual scalar products and norms, and the Sobolev–Poincaré inequality

for \(q\geq2\) if \(1\leq n\leq4\) or \(2\leq q \leq\frac{2n}{n-4}\) if \(n\geq5\).

In the following, we fix some notations on the function spaces that will be used. Let

and

In order to consider the new variable η, we introduce the weighted \(L^{2}\)-spaces

which are Hilbert spaces endowed with the inner products and norms

respectively. To simplify the notation, we define the Hilbert spaces

Let us begin with the precise hypotheses on the constant p and the functions f and g. For \(n\in{\mathbb {N}}\), we assume that

Then

The nonlinear function \(f: {\mathbb {R}} \rightarrow{\mathbb {R}}\) satisfying \(f(0)=0\) and the growth condition,

where \(k_{0} >0\) and

which implies that \(H^{2} (\Omega) \hookrightarrow L^{2(\rho+1)} (\Omega)\). In addition, we assume that

where \(F(z)=\int_{0}^{z} f(s) \,d s \).

For the relaxation function g, we assume that \(g:{\mathbb {R}}^{+} \rightarrow{\mathbb {R}}^{+}\) is a nonincreasing \(C^{1}\) function satisfying

and there exists a nonincreasing differentiable function \(\xi: {\mathbb {R}}^{+} \rightarrow{\mathbb {R}}^{+}\) satisfying

and

As in [12], for the time-varying delay, we assume that \(\tau\in W^{2, \infty}([0, T])\) for \(T>0\), and there exist positive constants \(\tau_{0}, \tau_{1}\) and d satisfying

and that \(\mu_{1}\) and \(\mu_{2}\) satisfy

We can prove the existence of weak solution by making use of the classical Faedo–Galerkin method. Then using elliptic regularity and second order estimates we can show the regularity of the solution. We state a well-posedness result without a proof here (see [6, 7, 13, 17]).

Theorem 2.1

Suppose that hypotheses (2.2)–(2.9) hold.

1. (i)

   If the initial data \((u_{0}, u_{1}, \eta_{0}) \in{\mathcal {H}}, f_{0}(x,t)\in H^{1}(\Omega\times(-\tau(0),0))\) and \(h(x)\in L^{2}(\Omega)\), then problem (1.16)–(1.18) has a unique weak solution

   $$\bigl(u, u_{t}, \eta^{t}\bigr) \in C(0, T; {\mathcal {H}} ),\quad \forall T>0, $$

   satisfying

   $$u\in L^{\infty}(0,T;V_{2}),\qquad u_{t} \in L^{\infty}(0, T;V_{0})\cap L^{2}(0,T;V_{1} ),\qquad \eta^{t} \in L^{\infty}(0,T;{\mathcal {M}}_{2} ) . $$
2. (ii)

   If the initial data \((u_{0}, u_{1}, \eta_{0}) \in{\mathcal {H}}_{1}, f_{0}(x,t)\in H^{2}(\Omega\times(-\tau(0),0))\) and \(h(x) \in H^{1} (\Omega)\), then the above weak solution has higher regularity

   $$\begin{aligned} &u\in L^{\infty}(0,T;V_{3}),\qquad u_{t} \in L^{\infty}(0, T;V_{1})\cap L^{2}(0,T;V_{2} ),\\ &\eta^{t} \in L^{\infty}(0,T;{\mathcal {M}}_{3} ) . \end{aligned}$$

In order to state our main result, we define the energy of problem (1.16)–(1.18) by

where ξ and λ are positive constants satisfying

Note that this choice of ξ is possible from assumption (2.9).

Theorem 2.2

Suppose that assumptions (2.2)–(2.9) hold. Let \(h=0\) and the initial data \((u_{0}, u_{1}, \eta_{0}) \in{\mathcal {H}}, f_{0}(x,t)\in H^{1}(\Omega\times (-\tau(0),0))\). Then there exist two positive constants \(k_{1}\) and \(k_{2}\) such that the energy \(E(t)\) satisfies

In this section we shall establish the decay rates in Theorem 2.2. To demonstrate the stability of the system (1.16)–(1.18) the lemmas below are essential.

Lemma 3.1

Under the assumptions of Theorem 2.2, the energy functional \(E(t)\) satisfies, for any \(t\geq0\),

Proof

Multiplying the first equation of (1.16) by \(u_{t} (t) \), we get the identity

Applying the second equation of (1.16) to (3.2), we have

Using Young’s inequality, we obtain

By (2.8) we get

Since \(\eta^{t}(0)=0\), we have

Combining with the above estimates, we obtain the desired inequality (3.1). The proof is now complete. □

Now, let us define the perturbed modified energy by

where

Then it is easily shown that there exists \(C_{1}>0\) such that

where \(C_{1} = \max\{ 1, C_{*} \}\).

Lemma 3.2

There exist positive constants \(C_{2}\) and \(C_{3}\) such that

Proof

By using (1.16), we get

Adding and subtracting \(E(t)\), we see that

Applying Young’s inequality and (2.6), we have

and

where \(d_{1}>0\) is an embedding constant for \(H^{2}(\Omega)\cap H^{1}_{0}(\Omega) \hookrightarrow H^{1}_{0}(\Omega)\). Combining all above estimates and using (2.5), we obtain

where \(d_{2}>0\) is an embedding constant for \(H^{1}_{0}(\Omega) \hookrightarrow L^{2}(\Omega)\). Thus, taking two positive constants

we find that

Using (3.1), (3.3) and (3.5), we deduce that

From (2.10), we see that

We choose \(\epsilon>0\) sufficiently small for

Hence, we conclude that (3.4) holds for some constants \(C_{2}, C_{3}>0\). □

Proof of Theorem 2.2

From the ideas presented in [19–23], we get the following results. Multiplying (3.4) by \(\xi(t)\) and using (2.7) and (3.1), we get

Using the fact that \(\xi'(t)\leq0\) and letting

we have

where \(C_{4}\) is a positive constant. A simple integrating of (3.7) over \((0, t)\) leads to

Consequently, from (3.6) and (3.8), we obtain the desired inequality (2.11). □

In this paper, a viscoelastic plate equation with p-Laplacian and time-varying delay has been investigated. In recent years, there has been published much work concerning the wave equation with constant delay or time-varying delay. However, to the best of my knowledge, there was no stability result for the viscoelastic plate equation with strong time delay. We have been proved that the general decay rate result under some restrictions on the coefficients of strong damping and strong time-varying delay. Furthermore, we have been obtained the general decay rate result under weakening the usual assumptions on the relaxation function, using the energy perturbation method. This result improves on earlier ones in the literature because it allows for certain relaxation functions which are not necessarily of exponential or polynomial decay.

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2017R1D1A1B03028291).

Affiliations

1. Department of Mathematics, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea

   • Jum-Ran Kang

Contributions

The work was realized by the author. The author read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jum-Ran Kang.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Reprints and Permissions