Pullback attraction in $H_{0}^{1}$ for semilinear heat equation in expanding domains

Abstract

In this article, we consider the pullback attraction in $H_{0}^{1}$ of pullback attractor for semilinear heat equation with domains expanding in time. Firstly, we establish higher-order integrability of difference about variational solutions; then, we prove the continuity of variational solution in $H_{0}^{1}(O_{t})$. As application of continuity, we obtain the pullback $\mathscr{D}_{\lambda _{1}}$ attraction in $H_{0}^{1}$-norm.

1 Introduction

Let $\{\mathcal {O}_{t}\}_{t\in \mathbb{R}}$ be a family of nonempty bounded open subsets of $\mathbb{R}^{N}$ such that

$$\begin{aligned} \mathcal {O}_{s}\subset \mathcal {O}_{t}, \quad s< t. \end{aligned}$$

(1)

Define

$$\begin{aligned} Q_{\tau ,T}:=\bigcup_{t\in (\tau ,T)} \mathcal{O}_{t}\times \{t\},\qquad \tilde{Q}_{\tau ,T}:=\bigcup _{t\in (\tau ,T)}\mathcal{O}_{T} \times \{t\}\quad \text{for any $T>\tau $} \end{aligned}$$

(2)

and

$$\begin{aligned} &Q_{\tau }:=\bigcup_{t\in (\tau ,+\infty )}\mathcal{O}_{t} \times \{t \}, \quad\forall \tau \in \mathbb{R}, \\ &\varSigma _{\tau ,T}:=\bigcup_{t\in (\tau ,T)}\partial \mathcal{O}_{t} \times \{t\},\qquad \varSigma _{\tau }:=\bigcup _{t\in (\tau ,+\infty )} \partial \mathcal{O}_{t} \times \{t \},\quad \forall \tau < T. \end{aligned}$$

We consider the following initial boundary value problem with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition:

$$\begin{aligned} \textstyle\begin{cases} {\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}}-\Delta u+g(u)=f(t)\quad\text{in }Q_{\tau }, \\ u=0 \quad\text{on } \varSigma _{\tau }, \\ u(\tau ,x)=u_{\tau }(x),\quad x\in \mathcal{O}_{\tau }, \end{cases}\displaystyle \end{aligned}$$

(3)

where $u_{\tau }:\mathcal{O}_{\tau } \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ and $f:Q_{\tau }\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ are given for $\tau \in \mathbb{R}$, and $g\in C^{1}(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})$ satisfies the conditions: there exist nonnegative constants $\alpha _{1}$, $\alpha _{2}$, β, l, and $p\geqslant 2$ such that

$$\begin{aligned} -\beta +\alpha _{1} \vert s \vert ^{p} \leqslant g(s)s\leqslant \beta +\alpha _{2} \vert s \vert ^{p},\quad \forall s\in \mathbb{R} \end{aligned}$$

(4)

and

$$\begin{aligned} g'(s)\geqslant -l,\quad \forall s\in \mathbb{R}. \end{aligned}$$

(5)

For later observe that there exist nonnegative constants $\tilde{\alpha _{1}},\tilde{\alpha _{2}},\tilde{\beta }$ such that

$$\begin{aligned} -\tilde{\beta }+\tilde{\alpha _{1}} \vert s \vert ^{p}\leqslant G(s) \leqslant \tilde{\beta }+\tilde{\alpha _{2}} \vert s \vert ^{p}, \quad\forall s\in \mathbb{R}, \end{aligned}$$

(6)

where

$$\begin{aligned} G(s):= \int _{0}^{s} g(r)\,dr. \end{aligned}$$

For each $T>\tau$, consider the auxiliary problem

$$\begin{aligned} \textstyle\begin{cases} {\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}}-\Delta u+g(u)=f(t)\quad \text{in }Q_{\tau ,T}, \\ u=0 \quad\text{on } \varSigma _{\tau ,T}, \\ u(\tau ,x)=u_{\tau }(x),\quad x\in \mathcal{O}_{\tau }, \end{cases}\displaystyle \end{aligned}$$

(7)

where $u_{\tau }:\mathcal{O}_{\tau } \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ for $\tau \in \mathbb{R}$, g satisfies (4)–(5) and $f\in L^{2}_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{R};L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{t}))$.

The issue of non-cylindrical region usually refers to the problem that spatial region changes with time, also known as the problem of variable region. Variable region problems are applied widely in physics, chemistry, and cybernetics, so have been focused on relevant experts. Compared with the invariant regional system, the study of variable regional problem can vividly describe the actual phenomena. In addition, the problem defined in the variable region is essentially non-autonomous, so the discussion of variable regional problem adds vitality to the development and perfection of theory of non-autonomous system.

Based on the actual requirement, many mathematical researchers began to focus on the variable region problems, for example, see [1, 4–8, 15, 16] and so on. Recently, the existence and uniqueness of variational solution of system (3) have been considered in [6] with monotonic increase region, and then $(L^{2}, L^{2})$ pullback $\mathscr{D}_{\lambda _{1}}$ attractor has been established. In 2009, by means of differ-morphism, a similar conclusion of system (3) was obtained in [7]. Later, in [11], by the solution orbit being shifted via a fixed complete orbit, the authors obtained the pullback $\mathscr{D}_{\lambda _{1}}$ attraction of $L^{2}$ pullback attractor in higher-order integrable spaces.

The continuity of solution plays an important role in the study of dynamic systems, especially in pullback attraction, fractal dimension, and so on. For the invariant region, the continuity of strong solution with respect to the initial data in $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O})$ was considered for the space dimension $N\leqslant 2$, and the nonlinear term exponent $p\geqslant 2$, but $p\leqslant 4$ for $N=3$ was required. For an autonomous system, in order to obtain continuity in $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O})$ and $L^{p}(\mathcal {O})$, the concept of norm-to-weak continuity was given in [12], and then the existence of global attractor was established. Then, the norm-to-weak continuity concept to the case of a non-autonomous system was studied in [10]. However, for a long time, the continuity of solution in $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O})$ with respect to initial data has still been an open problem. Until 2008, when the nonlinear term f of autonomous system satisfying (4) and (5) was introduced, the author obtained the uniform boundedness of $tu (t)$ by differentiating equation about time t, then considered the continuity of solution about initial data, see details in [14]. However, for a non-autonomous system, we cannot differentiate equation, so the method in [14] cannot be shifted to solve non-autonomous problems. In order to overcome the difficulties deriving from the non-autonomous character, in 2015, for the case of random equation, [2] discussed the continuity in $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O})$ by studying the higher-order integrability of solutions difference near the initial time. Then, a natural problem arose: Does it still hold for variable domains? As far as the author knows, the continuity of solution in $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$ about initial data is still unknown.

Enlightened by the above, we consider the continuity of variational solution in $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$ with respect to initial data when the region of system (3) is monotonically increasing. As an application of continuity, we establish the pullback $\mathscr{D}_{\lambda _{1}}$ attraction in $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$ for any $t \in \mathbb{R}$.

This paper is organized as follows. In Sect. 2, we recall some concepts and related results about variational solution. In Sect. 3, we prove higher-order integrability of difference of variational solutions near initial data ($Theorem$3.3) and the continuity in $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$ ($Theorem$3.4), then establish the pullback $\mathscr{D}_{\lambda _{1}}$ attraction in $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$ ($Theorem$3.5).

2 Variational solutions

For each $t\in \mathbb{R}$, denoted by $(\cdot ,\cdot )_{t}$ and $|\cdot |_{t}$ the usual inner product and related norm in $L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$ and by $((\cdot ,\cdot ))_{t}$ and $\Vert \cdot \Vert _{t}$ the usual gradient inner product and associated norm in $H^{1}_{0}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$. The usual duality product between $H^{1}_{0}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$ and $H^{-1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$ is denoted by $\langle\cdot ,\cdot \rangle_{t}$. And $(\cdot ,\cdot )_{t}$ and $\Vert \cdot \Vert _{L^{p}(\mathcal {O}_{t})}$ represent the duality product between $L^{p}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$ and $L^{q}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$ with $\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}=1$ and the associated norm.

We consider a process U on a Banach space X, i.e., a family $\{U(t,\tau );-\infty <\tau \leqslant t<+\infty \}$ of continuous mappings $U(t,\tau ):X\to X$ such that

$$\begin{aligned} U(\tau ,\tau )x=x \quad\text{and}\quad U(t,\tau )=U(t,s)U(s,\tau ) \quad\text{for all } \tau \leqslant s\leqslant t \text{ and } x\in X. \end{aligned}$$

Suppose that $\mathscr{D}$ is a nonempty class of parameterized sets $\hat{D}=\{D(t):t\in \mathbb{R}\}\subset \mathcal{P}(X)$, where $\mathcal{P}(X)$ denotes the family of all nonempty subsets of X.

Definition 2.1

([3])

The family $\hat{\mathscr{A}}=\{\mathscr{A}(t): \mathscr{A}(t)\in \mathcal{P}(X), t\in \mathbb{R}\}$ is said to be a pullback $\mathscr{D}$-attractor for the process $U(\cdot ,\cdot )$ if

• (1) $\mathscr{A}(t)$ is compact in X for all $t\in \mathbb{R}$;

• (2) $\hat{\mathscr{A}}$ is pullback $\mathscr{D}$-attracting, i.e.,

  $$\begin{aligned} \lim_{\tau \to -\infty }\operatorname{dist}_{X}\bigl(U(t,\tau )D( \tau ), \mathscr{A}(t)\bigr)=0 \quad\text{for all } \hat{D}\in \mathscr{D} \text{ and all } t\in \mathbb{R}; \end{aligned}$$

• (3) $\hat{\mathscr{A}}$ is invariant, i.e.,

  $$\begin{aligned} U(t,\tau )\mathscr{A}(\tau )=\mathscr{A}(t) \quad\text{for any } {-} \infty < \tau \leqslant t< \infty. \end{aligned}$$

Fix $T>\tau$, for each $t\in [\tau ,T]$ denoted by

$$\begin{aligned} {H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})}^{\bot }=\bigl\{ v\in H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T}):\bigl((v,w) \bigr)_{T}=0, \forall w\in H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})\bigr\} \end{aligned}$$

is the orthogonal subspace of $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$ with respect to the inner product in $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T})$. We may identify w with its null-expansion and by $P(t)\in L(H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T}))$ the orthogonal projection operator from $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T})$ to $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})^{\bot }$, which is defined as

$$\begin{aligned} P(t)v \in H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})^{\bot },\quad v-P(t)v\in H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t}) \end{aligned}$$

for each $v\in H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T})$. Consider the family $p(t;\cdot ,\cdot )$ of symmetric bilinear forms on $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T})$ defined by

$$\begin{aligned} p(t;v,w):=\bigl(\bigl(P(t)v,w\bigr)\bigr)_{T}, \quad \forall v,w\in H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T}), \forall t\geqslant \tau. \end{aligned}$$

It can be proved that the mapping $[\tau ,+\infty )\ni t\rightarrow p(t;v,w)$ is measurable for all $v,w \in H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T})$. For each integer $k\geqslant 1$ and $t\geqslant \tau$, define

$$\begin{aligned} p_{k}(t;v,w):=k \int _{0}^{\frac{1}{k}}p(t+r;v,w)\,dr \quad\forall v,w\in H_{0}^{1}( \mathcal {O}_{T}), \forall t\geqslant \tau , \end{aligned}$$

and denote by $P_{k}(t)\in L(H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T}))$ the associated operator defined by

$$\begin{aligned} \bigl(\bigl(P_{k}(t)v,w\bigr)\bigr):=p_{k}(t;v,w),\quad \forall v,w\in H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T}), \forall t\geqslant \tau. \end{aligned}$$

Then we know from the above that, for any integers $1\leqslant h\leqslant k$, any $t\geqslant \tau$, and any $v,w\in H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T})$,

$$\begin{aligned} 0 \leqslant p_{h}(t;v,v) \leqslant p_{k}(t;v,v) \leqslant p(t;v,v) = \bigl\Vert P(t)v \bigr\Vert _{T}^{2} \leqslant \Vert v \Vert _{T}^{2}. \end{aligned}$$

(8)

For each $T>\tau$, denote

$$\begin{aligned} \mathcal{U}_{\tau , T}:={}&\bigl\{ \phi \in L^{2}\bigl(\tau , T; H_{0}^{1}( \mathcal {O}_{T})\bigr) \cap L^{p}\bigl(\tau , T; L^{p}(\mathcal {O}_{T})\bigr), \phi '\in L^{2} \bigl( \tau , T; L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{T})\bigr) \\ &\text{and } \phi (\tau )=\phi (T)=0, \phi (t)\in H_{0}^{1}( \mathcal {O}_{t}) \text{ for a.e. }t\in (\tau ,T)\bigr\} . \end{aligned}$$

Definition 2.2

A variational solution of equation (7) is a function u such that

• (C1) $u\in L^{2}(\tau , T; H_{0}^{1}( \mathcal {O}_{T})) \cap L^{p}( \tau , T; L^{p}(\mathcal {O}_{T}))$;

• (C2) $u(t)\in H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})\text{ a.e. } t\in (\tau ,T)$;

• (C3) for all $\phi \in \mathcal{U}_{\tau , T}$,

  $$\int _{\tau }^{T} \bigl[- \bigl(u(t), \phi '(t) \bigr)_{T}+ \bigl( \bigl(u(t), \phi (t) \bigr) \bigr)_{T}+ \bigl(g\bigl(u(t)\bigr),\phi (t) \bigr)_{T} \bigr]\,dt = \int _{ \tau }^{T} \bigl(f(t),\phi (t) \bigr)_{T}\,dt; $$

• (C4) $\lim_{t\to \tau }\frac{1}{t-\tau } \int ^{t}_{\tau } \bigl \vert u(s)-u( \tau ) \bigr \vert _{T}^{2}\,ds=0$.

The existence and uniqueness of variational solution for equation (7) have been derived as follows.

Theorem 2.3

([6])

Suppose that (1), (2), (4), and (5) hold; for$f\in L^{2}(\tau , T;L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{T}))$and$u_{\tau }\in L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })$, there exists a unique variational solution$u\in L^{2}(\tau , T;H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T}))\cap L^{p}(\tau ,T;L^{p}(\mathcal {O}_{T}))$of equation (7), which satisfies energy equality a.e. $t\in [\tau ,T]$, that is,

$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\vert u(t) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}+2 \int _{\tau }^{t} \bigl\Vert u(s) \bigr\Vert _{T}^{2}\,ds+2 \int _{\tau }^{t} \bigl(g\bigl(u(s)\bigr), u(s) \bigr)_{T}\,ds= \vert u_{\tau } \vert _{T}^{2}+2 \int _{\tau }^{t} \bigl(f(s), u(s) \bigr)_{T}\,ds \end{aligned}$$

(9)

holds for a.e. $t\in [\tau ,T]$. In addition, $u\in C([\tau ,T]; L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{T}))$and satisfies the energy equality for all$t\in [\tau ,T]$. Moreover, if$u_{\tau }\in H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })\cap L^{p}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })$, thenualso satisfies

$$\begin{aligned} u\in L^{\infty }\bigl(\tau ,T;H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T})\bigr)\cap L^{\infty }\bigl(\tau ,T;L^{p}( \mathcal {O}_{T})\bigr),\quad u'\in L^{2}\bigl(\tau , T;L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{T})\bigr). \end{aligned}$$

Remark 2.4

([6])

If $T_{2}>T_{1}>\tau$ and u is a variational solution of (7) with $T=T_{2}$, then the restriction of u to $Q_{\tau ,T_{1}}$ is a variational solution of (7) with $T=T_{1}$.

We can also obtain the following result.

Theorem 2.5

Under the assumptions of Theorem 2.3, if$u_{\tau }\in H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })\cap L^{p}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })$, then$u\in L^{2}(\tau ,T;H^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{T}))$.

Proof

One can take an orthonormal Hilbert basis $\{w_{j}\}$ of $L^{2}$ and $H_{0}^{1}$ formed by the elements of $H_{0}^{1}\cap L^{p} \cap H^{3}$ such that the vector space generated by $\{w_{j}\}$ is dense in $H_{0}^{1}$ and $L^{p}$. Then one takes a sequence $\{u_{\tau n}\}$ such that $u_{\tau n} \to u_{\tau }$ in $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })$ with $u_{\tau n}$ in the vector space spanned by the n first $w_{j}$.

Consider the equality

$$\begin{aligned} \biggl(\frac{\partial u_{kn}(t)}{\partial t},\omega _{j} \biggr)_{T}+\bigl\langle A_{k}(t) u_{kn}(t), \omega _{j}\bigr\rangle _{T}+\bigl(g\bigl(u_{kn}(t)\bigr),\omega _{j}\bigr)_{T} =\bigl(f(t),\omega _{j} \bigr)_{T} \end{aligned}$$

(10)

for a.e. $t\in [\tau ,T]$.

Multiplying (10) by $\lambda _{j} r_{k n,j}(t)$ and summing from $j=1$ to n, we know that

$$\begin{aligned} &\biggl(\frac{\partial u_{kn}(t)}{\partial t},-\Delta u_{kn}(t) \biggr)_{T}+ \bigl\langle A_{k}(t) u_{kn},-\Delta u_{kn}(t)\bigr\rangle _{T}+\bigl(g\bigl(u_{kn}(t)\bigr),- \Delta u_{kn}(t)\bigr)_{T}\\ &\quad =\bigl(f(t),- \Delta u_{kn}(t)\bigr)_{T} \end{aligned}$$

for a.e. $t\in [\tau ,T]$.

According to (5), it follows

$$\begin{aligned} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}}g\bigl(u_{kn}(t)\bigr) \bigl(-\Delta u_{kn}(t)\bigr)\,dx = \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}}g'\bigl(u_{kn}(t)\bigr) \bigl\vert \nabla u_{kn}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx\geqslant -l \bigl\vert \nabla u_{kn}(t) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}. \end{aligned}$$

(11)

Combining (11) and Hölder’s inequality, we have

$$\begin{aligned} &\frac{d}{dt} \bigl\vert \nabla u_{kn}(t) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}+ \bigl\vert \Delta u_{kn}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}_{T}+2k\bigl(\bigl(P_{k}(t) \nabla u_{kn}(t),\nabla u_{kn}(t)\bigr)\bigr)_{T} \\ &\quad \leqslant 2l \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert \nabla u_{kn}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx+ \bigl\vert f(t) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2} \end{aligned}$$

a.e. $t\in (\tau ,T)$, integrate the inequality above from τ to t,

$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl\vert \nabla u_{kn}(t) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}+ \int _{\tau }^{t} \bigl\vert \Delta u_{kn}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}_{T}\,ds+2k \int _{\tau }^{t}\bigl(\bigl(P_{k}(s)\nabla u_{kn}(s),\nabla u_{kn}(s)\bigr)\bigr)_{T}\,ds \\ &\quad \leqslant 2 l \int _{\tau }^{t} \bigl\vert \nabla u_{kn}(s) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}\,ds+ \int _{ \tau }^{t} \bigl\vert f(s) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}\,ds + \bigl\vert \nabla u_{kn}(\tau ) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2} \quad\text{a.e. } t\in (\tau ,T), \end{aligned}$$

(12)

so, we have

$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\vert \nabla u_{kn}(t) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}\leqslant ce^{2l(t-\tau )}\biggl( \bigl\vert \nabla u_{kn}( \tau ) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}+ \int _{\tau }^{t} \bigl\vert f(s) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}\,ds\biggr) \end{aligned}$$

(13)

and

$$\begin{aligned} \int _{\tau }^{t} \bigl\vert \nabla u_{kn}(s) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}\,ds\leqslant ce^{l(t-\tau )}\biggl( \bigl\vert \nabla u_{kn}(\tau ) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}+ \int _{\tau }^{t} \bigl\vert f(s) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}\,ds\biggr). \end{aligned}$$

(14)

Note (8), we have

$$\begin{aligned} \int _{\tau }^{t}\bigl(\bigl(P_{k}(s)\nabla u_{kn}(s),\nabla u_{kn}(s)\bigr)\bigr)_{T}\,ds \geqslant 0. \end{aligned}$$

By (12)–(14), we obtain

$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\vert \nabla u_{kn}(t) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}+ \int _{\tau }^{t} \bigl\vert \Delta u_{kn}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}_{T}\,ds \leqslant ce^{l(t-\tau )}\biggl( \bigl\vert \nabla u_{kn}(\tau ) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}+ \int _{\tau }^{t} \bigl\vert f(s) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}\,ds\biggr) \end{aligned}$$

for a.e. $t\in (\tau ,T)$, where c may be different from line to line, recall that $u_{k n}(\tau )=u_{\tau n}, u_{\tau n} \to u_{\tau }$ in $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })$ as $n \to \infty$. So, $\{u_{kn}\}$ is bounded in $L^{2}(\tau ,T;H^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{T}))\cap L^{\infty }(\tau ,T;H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T}))$, there exists a subsequence, denoted still by $\{u_{kn}\}$, such that as $n\to \infty$

$$\begin{aligned} &u_{kn}\rightharpoonup u_{k} \quad\text{weakly in } L^{2}\bigl(\tau ,T;H^{2}( \mathcal {O}_{T})\bigr), \\ &u_{kn}\rightharpoonup u_{k} \quad\text{weakly star in } L^{\infty }\bigl( \tau ,T;H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T}) \bigr), \end{aligned}$$

therefore,

$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\vert \nabla u_{k}(t) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}+ \int _{\tau }^{t} \bigl\vert \Delta u_{k}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}_{T}\,ds \leqslant ce^{l(t-\tau )}\biggl( \Vert u_{\tau } \Vert _{T}^{2}+ \int _{\tau }^{t} \bigl\vert f(s) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}\,ds\biggr), \end{aligned}$$

and also $\{u_{k}\}$ is bounded in $L^{2}(\tau ,T;H^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{T}))\cap L^{\infty }(\tau ,T;H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T}))$. There exists a subsequence, denoted still by $\{u_{k}\}$, such that it is convergent weakly, convergent weakly star to the uniqueness variational solution u of (7) in $L^{2}(\tau ,T;H^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{T}))\cap L^{\infty }(\tau ,T;H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T}))$ as $k\to \infty$. □

Theorem 2.6

([15])

Suppose that$u_{\tau }\in L^{\infty }(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })\cap H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })$, $f \in L^{\infty }(\tilde{Q}_{\tau , T})$hold andgsatisfies (4). Then there exists a positive constantKwhich depends on$\|u_{\tau }\|_{L^{\infty }(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })}$, $\|f\|_{L^{\infty }(\tilde{Q}_{\tau ,T})}$, βand$\alpha _{1}$such that the variational solutionuof (7) satisfies

$$\begin{aligned} \Vert u \Vert _{L^{\infty }(\tilde{Q}_{\tau ,T})}\leqslant K. \end{aligned}$$

3 Pullback $\mathscr{D}_{\lambda _{1}}$ attraction in $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$

By $Theorem$ 2.3 and $Remark$2.4, we know that, for any $\tau \in \mathbb{R}$ and any $u_{\tau }\in L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })$, there exists a unique variational solution $u(\cdot;\tau ,u_{\tau })$ satisfying energy equality for a.e. $t\in (\tau ,T)$ and any $T>\tau$. Moreover, $u\in C([\tau ,T]; L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{T}))$ satisfying energy equality for all $t\in (\tau ,T)$ with any $T>\tau$.

Define

$$\begin{aligned} U(t,\tau )u_{\tau }:=u(t;\tau ,u_{\tau }),\quad -\infty < \tau \leqslant t< \infty , u_{\tau }\in L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau }). \end{aligned}$$

(15)

By the uniqueness of variational solution for (7) and $u\in C([\tau ,T]; L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{T}))$ satisfying energy equality for all $t\in (\tau ,T)$ with any $T>\tau$, we know $U(\cdot ,\cdot )$ defined by (15) is a process for the family of Hilbert spaces $\{L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{t}), t\in \mathbb{R}\}$.

To obtain main results, the following lemma is necessary.

Lemma 3.1

([11])

For any$k>0$and any$\phi \in H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})\cap L^{\infty }(\mathcal {O}_{t})$, the following equality holds:

$$\begin{aligned} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{t}}\nabla \phi \cdot \nabla \bigl( \vert \phi \vert ^{k}\phi \bigr)\,dx= (k+1) \biggl(\frac{2}{k+2} \biggr)^{2} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{t}} \bigl\vert \nabla \vert \phi \vert ^{ \frac{k+2}{2}} \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx, \end{aligned}$$

(16)

where ⋅ stands for the usual inner product in$\mathbb{R}^{N}$.

In the following, suppose

$$\begin{aligned} f\in L^{2}_{\mathrm{loc}}\bigl(\mathbb{R}^{N+1} \bigr) \quad\text{and}\quad u_{\tau }, v_{ \tau }\in L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau }). \end{aligned}$$

(17)

Due to the density of $L^{\infty }(\mathcal {O}_{t})$ in $L^{2}({\mathcal {O}_{t}})$, there exist sequences $\{u_{\tau m}\}$, $\{v_{\tau m}\}\subset L^{\infty }(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })$, $\{f_{m}\}\subset L^{\infty }(\tilde{Q}_{\tau ,T})$ such that

$$\begin{aligned} \begin{aligned} &u_{\tau m} \to u_{\tau },\qquad v_{\tau m} \to v_{\tau } \quad\text{in } L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau }), m\to +\infty , \\ &f_{m} \to f\quad \text{in } L^{2}_{\mathrm{loc}}\bigl( \mathbb{R}^{N+1}\bigr), m\to + \infty \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$

(18)

and it can be done that, for each $m=1,2,\ldots$ ,

$$\begin{aligned} \vert u_{\tau m} \vert _{\tau }^{2} \leqslant 2 \vert u_{\tau } \vert _{\tau }^{2}+1,\qquad \vert v_{ \tau m} \vert _{\tau }^{2}\leqslant 2 \vert v_{\tau } \vert _{\tau }^{2}+1. \end{aligned}$$

(19)

Based on the above, applying the interpolation inequality to estimate the $L^{2p-2}$-norm of approximation solution, we can establish the higher-order integrability near initial time τ for approximation solution as follows.

Theorem 3.2

Suppose that (1), (2), (4), and (5) hold, $f\in L^{2}_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{R};L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{t}))$, $u_{\tau },v_{\tau }\in L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })$. Then, for any$T\geqslant \tau$, any$k=1,2,\ldots$ , there exists a positive constant$M_{k}=M(T-\tau , k, N, l, |u_{\tau }|_{L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })}, |v_{\tau }|_{L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })})$such that

and

where$w_{m}(t)=u_{m}(t)-v_{m}(t)=U(t,\tau )u_{\tau m}-U(t,\tau )v_{\tau m}$,

$$\begin{aligned} b_{1}=1+\frac{1}{2},\qquad b_{2}=1+ \frac{1}{2}+1 \quad \textit{and} \quad b_{k+1}=b_{k}+\frac{1+\frac{N}{N-2}}{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}} \quad\textit{for }k=2,3,\ldots , \end{aligned}$$

(20)

and all constants$M_{k}(k=1,2,\ldots )$are independent ofm.

Proof

For any fixed $\tau \in (-\infty , T]$, denote

$$\begin{aligned} w_{m}(t):= u_{m}(t)-v_{m}(t),\quad \tau \leqslant t\leqslant T, \end{aligned}$$

(21)

where $u_{m}(t), v_{m}(t)$ are the variational solutions of equation (7) corresponding to the data $(u_{\tau m}, f_{m})$, $(v_{\tau m}, f_{m})$ satisfying (18) respectively. By $Theorem$2.3 and $Theorem$2.6, we know

$$\begin{aligned} w_{m}\in L^{2}\bigl(\tau , T; H_{0}^{1}( \mathcal {O}_{T})\bigr) \cap L^{\infty }( \tilde{Q}_{\tau ,T}) \end{aligned}$$

and

$$\begin{aligned} \int _{\tau }^{T} \bigl[- \bigl(w_{m}(t), \phi '(t) \bigr)_{T}+ \bigl( \bigl(w_{m}(t), \phi (t) \bigr) \bigr)_{T}+ \bigl(g\bigl(u_{m}(t)\bigr)-g \bigl(v_{m}(t)\bigr),\phi (t) \bigr)_{T} \bigr]\,dt =0 \end{aligned}$$

(22)

for any $\phi \in \mathcal{U}_{\tau ,T}$.

For any $\theta >0$, we have

$$\begin{aligned} \vert w_{m} \vert ^{\theta }w_{m}\in L^{2}\bigl(\tau , T; H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T}) \bigr) \cap L^{ \infty }(\tilde{Q}_{\tau ,T}), \end{aligned}$$

and choose any $\eta \in C_{c}^{1}(\tau ,T)$ to get

$$\begin{aligned} \textstyle\begin{cases} \eta \vert w_{m} \vert ^{\theta }w_{m}\in L^{2}(\tau , T; H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T})) \cap L^{\infty }(\tilde{Q}_{\tau ,T}), \\ \frac{d}{dt}(\eta \vert w_{m} \vert ^{\theta }w_{m})\in L^{2}(\tau , T; L^{2}( \mathcal {O}_{T})), \\ \eta (T) \vert w_{m}(T) \vert ^{\theta }w_{m}(T)=\eta (\tau ) \vert w_{m}(\tau ) \vert ^{ \theta }w_{m}(\tau )=0, \\ \eta (t) \vert w_{m}(t) \vert ^{\theta }w_{m}(t)\in H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})\quad \text{a.e. } t \in (\tau ,T). \end{cases}\displaystyle \end{aligned}$$

Hence, we can choose $\eta |w_{m}|^{\theta }w_{m}$ as a test function to have

$$\begin{aligned} &\int _{\tau }^{T} \bigl[- \bigl(w_{m}(t), \bigl(\eta (t) \bigl\vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{ \theta }w_{m}(t) \bigr)' \bigr)_{T}+ \bigl( \bigl(w_{m}(t),\eta (t) \bigl\vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{ \theta }w_{m}(t) \bigr) \bigr)_{T} \\ &\quad{}+ \bigl(g\bigl(u_{m}(t)\bigr)-g\bigl(v_{m}(t)\bigr), \eta (t) \bigl\vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{\theta }w_{m}(t) \bigr)_{T} \bigr]\,dt =0, \end{aligned}$$

note that

$$\begin{aligned} &\int _{\tau }^{T} \bigl[ \bigl(w'_{m}(t), \bigl\vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{ \theta }w_{m}(t) \bigr)_{T}+ \bigl( \bigl(w_{m}(t), \bigl\vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{\theta }w_{m}(t) \bigr) \bigr)_{T} \\ &\quad{}+ \bigl(g\bigl(u_{m}(t)\bigr)-g\bigl(v_{m}(t)\bigr), \bigl\vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{\theta }w_{m}(t) \bigr)_{T} \bigr]\eta (t)\,dt =0 \end{aligned}$$

for any $\eta \in C_{c}^{1}(\tau ,T)$ holds. Therefore, for a.e. $t\in (\tau , T)$,

$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl(w'_{m}(t), \bigl\vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{\theta }w_{m}(t) \bigr)_{T}+ \bigl( \bigl(w_{m}(t), \bigl\vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{\theta }w_{m}(t) \bigr) \bigr)_{T} \\ &\quad{}+ \bigl(g\bigl(u_{m}(t)\bigr)-g\bigl(v_{m}(t)\bigr), \bigl\vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{\theta }w_{m}(t) \bigr)_{T}=0. \end{aligned}$$

By (5), for a.e. $t\in (\tau , T)$, we have

$$\begin{aligned} & \frac{1}{\theta +2}\frac{d}{dt} \bigl\Vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{\theta +2}_{L^{ \theta +2}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}- \frac{1}{\theta +2} \int _{\partial \mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert \gamma w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{\theta +2}\,dS \\ &\quad{}+(\theta +1) \biggl(\frac{2}{\theta +2}\biggr)^{2} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert \nabla \bigl\vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{1+ \frac{\theta }{2}} \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx \leqslant l \bigl\Vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{\theta +2}_{L^{ \theta +2}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}, \end{aligned}$$

thanks to $w_{m}(t)\in H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$ for a.e. $t\in (\tau ,T)$, so $\gamma w_{m}(t)=0$ for a.e. $t\in (\tau ,T)$, it follows

$$\begin{aligned} &\frac{1}{\theta +2}\frac{d}{dt} \bigl\Vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{\theta +2}_{L^{\theta +2}( \mathcal {O}_{T})} +(\theta +1) \biggl(\frac{2}{\theta +2}\biggr)^{2} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert \nabla \bigl\vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{1+\frac{\theta }{2}} \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx \\ &\quad \leqslant l \bigl\Vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{\theta +2}_{L^{\theta +2}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}. \end{aligned}$$

(23)

In the following, we separate our proof into two steps.

Step 1. $k=1$

Firstly, taking $\phi =w_{m}$ in (22), from the definition of variational solution and (5), we obtain that

$$\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{2}\frac{d}{dt} \vert w_{m} \vert _{T}^{2} + \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert \nabla w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx &= - \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl(g(u_{m})-g(v_{m}) \bigr)w_{m}\,dx \\ & \leqslant l \bigl\vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2} \quad\text{a.e. } t\in (\tau ,T), \end{aligned}$$

which implies that

$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2} \leqslant e^{2l(t-\tau )} \bigl\vert w_{m}(\tau ) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}, \end{aligned}$$

and then,

$$\begin{aligned} \int ^{T}_{\tau } \bigl\vert \nabla w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}\,dt\leqslant l \int ^{T}_{ \tau } \bigl\vert w_{m}(s) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}\,ds+\frac{1}{2} \bigl\vert w_{m}(\tau ) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2} \leqslant \frac{1}{2} \bigl(e^{2l(T-\tau )}+1 \bigr) \bigl\vert w_{m}( \tau ) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}. \end{aligned}$$

Consequently, combining with the embedding

$$\begin{aligned} \biggl( \int _{\mathcal {O}_{s}} \vert v \vert ^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}\,dx \biggr)^{\frac{N-2}{N}}\leqslant c_{N, \tau ,T} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{s}} \vert \nabla v \vert ^{2}\,dx,\quad \forall v\in H^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{s}), \forall s\in [\tau ,T], \end{aligned}$$

(24)

we can deduce that

$$\begin{aligned} &\int ^{T}_{\tau } \biggl( \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert (t-\tau )^{b_{1}} w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{ \frac{2N}{N-2}}\,dx \biggr)^{\frac{N-2}{N}}\,dt \\ &\quad \leqslant (T-\tau )^{2b_{1}} \frac{c_{N,\tau ,T}}{2} \bigl(e^{2l(T-\tau )}+1 \bigr) \bigl\vert w_{m}(\tau ) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2}, \end{aligned}$$

(25)

note that here the embedding constant $c_{N,\tau ,T}$ in (24) depends only on the domain $\mathcal {O}_{T}$.

Secondly, take $\theta =\frac{2N}{N-2}-2$ in (23), by $Lemma$3.1, we have that

$$\begin{aligned} &\frac{1}{2} \biggl(\frac{N-2}{N} \biggr) \frac{d}{dt} \bigl\Vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}_{L^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})} + \frac{\frac{2N}{N-2}-1}{ ( \frac{N}{N-2} )^{2}} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert \nabla \bigl\vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{\frac{N}{N-2}} \bigr\vert ^{2} \,dx \\ &\quad \leqslant l \bigl\Vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}_{L^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})} \quad \text{a.e. } t\in (\tau ,T). \end{aligned}$$

In the following we denote by $c,c_{i}$ ($i=1,2,\ldots$) the constants which depend only on $N,T-\tau$, and l, which may differ from line to line. Then the above inequality can be written as

$$\begin{aligned} \frac{d}{dt} \bigl\Vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}_{L^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}+c_{1} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert \nabla \bigl\vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{\frac{N}{N-2}} \bigr\vert ^{2} \,dx \leq c_{2} \bigl\Vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}_{L^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}, \end{aligned}$$

(26)

and by multiplying both sides with $(t-\tau )^{\frac{3N}{N-2}}$, we obtain that

$$\begin{aligned} & \frac{d}{dt} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{1}}w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{ \frac{2N}{N-2}}_{L^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}+c_{1} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert \nabla \bigl\vert (t-\tau )^{b_{1}}w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{\frac{N}{N-2}} \bigr\vert ^{2} \,dx \\ &\quad\leqslant c_{2} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{1}}w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}_{L^{ \frac{2N}{N-2}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}+ c_{3} (t-\tau )^{\frac{3N}{N-2}-1} \Vert w_{m} \Vert ^{ \frac{2N}{N-2}}_{L^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})} \\ &\quad\leqslant c\biggl(1+\frac{1}{t-\tau }\biggr) \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{1}}w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{ \frac{2N}{N-2}}_{L^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}, \end{aligned}$$

(27)

here $b_{1}=1+\frac{1}{2}$.

One direct result of (27) is that

$$\begin{aligned} (t-\tau )\frac{d}{dt} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{1}}w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}_{L^{ \frac{2N}{N-2}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})} \leqslant c \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{1}}w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{ \frac{2N}{N-2}}_{L^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}, \end{aligned}$$

and so

$$\begin{aligned} (t-\tau )\frac{d}{dt} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{1}}w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2}_{L^{ \frac{2N}{N-2}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})} \leqslant c\frac{N-2}{N} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{1}}w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2}_{L^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}. \end{aligned}$$

(28)

Consequently, for any $t\in [\tau ,T]$, integrating (28) over $[\tau ,t]$, we obtain that

$$\begin{aligned} (t-\tau ) \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{1}}w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2}_{L^{ \frac{2N}{N-2}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}&\leqslant \biggl(c\frac{N-2}{N}+1 \biggr) \int ^{T}_{ \tau } \bigl\Vert (s-\tau )^{b_{1}}w_{m}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2}_{L^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})} \,ds \\ &\leqslant c \bigl\vert w_{m}(\tau ) \bigr\vert _{T}^{2} \quad \text{(by (25))}, \end{aligned}$$

hence,

$$\begin{aligned} (t-\tau )^{\frac{N}{N-2}} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{1}}w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert _{L^{ \frac{2N}{N-2}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}^{\frac{2N}{N-2}} \leqslant c \bigl\vert w_{m}(\tau ) \bigr\vert _{T}^{ \frac{2N}{N-2}}\quad \text{for any }t\in [\tau ,T]. \end{aligned}$$

(29)

Then, multiplying (27) by $(t-\tau )^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}$, we obtain that: for a.e. $t\in (\tau ,T)$,

$$\begin{aligned} & (t-\tau )^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}\frac{d}{dt} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{1}}w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{ \frac{2N}{N-2}}_{L^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}+c_{1} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert \nabla \bigl\vert (t-\tau )^{b_{1}+1}w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{\frac{N}{N-2}} \bigr\vert ^{2} \,dx \\ &\quad\leqslant c(t-\tau )^{\frac{N+2}{N-2}} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{1}}w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert _{L^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}^{\frac{2N}{N-2}} \\ &\quad\leqslant c \bigl\vert w_{m}(\tau ) \bigr\vert _{T}^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}. \end{aligned}$$

Integrating the above inequality over $[\tau ,T]$ with respect to t, we obtain that

$$\begin{aligned} \int ^{T}_{\tau } \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert \nabla \bigl\vert (t-\tau )^{b_{2}}w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{ \frac{N}{N-2}} \bigr\vert ^{2} \,dx\,dt\leqslant c \bigl\vert w_{m}(\tau ) \bigr\vert _{T}^{ \frac{2N}{N-2}}. \end{aligned}$$

Consequently, applying embedding (24) again, we can deduce that

$$\begin{aligned} \int ^{T}_{\tau } \biggl( \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert (t-\tau )^{b_{2}}w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2( \frac{N}{N-2})^{2}}\,dx \biggr)^{\frac{N-2}{N}}\,dt\leqslant c_{N,\tau ,T}c_{1} \bigl\vert w_{m}( \tau ) \bigr\vert _{T}^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}. \end{aligned}$$

(30)

Therefor, noticing (18) and (19), from (29) and (30) we know that there is a positive constant $M_{1}$, which depends only on $N,\tau ,T,l,|u_{\tau }|_{\tau }, |v_{\tau }|_{\tau }$ such that ($A_{1}$) and ($B_{1}$) hold.

Step 2. Assume ($A_{k}$) and ($B_{k}$) hold for $k\geqslant 1$, in the following, we will show that ($A_{k+1}$) and ($B_{k+1}$) hold.

Take $\theta =2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}-2$ in (23), we obtain that

$$\begin{aligned} &\frac{d}{dt} \bigl\Vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}_{L^{2( \frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})} + c \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert \nabla \bigl\vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{( \frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}} \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx \\ &\quad \leqslant c_{1} \bigl\Vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}_{L^{2( \frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})} \quad\text{a.e. } t\in (\tau ,T). \end{aligned}$$

(31)

Multiplying both sides of (31) with $(t-\tau )^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}\cdot b_{k+1}}$, we deduce that

$$\begin{aligned} & \frac{d}{dt} \bigl( (t-\tau )^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1} \cdot b_{k+1}} \Vert w_{m} \Vert ^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}_{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}( \mathcal {O}_{T})} \bigr) + c \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert \nabla \bigl\vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k+1}} \cdot w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}} \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx \\ &\quad\leqslant c_{1} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k+1}}\cdot w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2( \frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}_{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}\\ &\qquad{} + c_{2} (t- \tau )^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}\cdot b_{k+1}-1} \bigl\Vert w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2( \frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}_{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}, \end{aligned}$$

i.e.,

$$\begin{aligned} &\frac{d}{dt} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k+1}}\cdot w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2( \frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}_{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})} + c \int _{ \mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert \nabla \bigl\vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k+1}}\cdot w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{( \frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}} \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx \\ &\quad\leqslant \biggl(c_{1} +\frac{c_{2}}{t-\tau }\biggr) \bigl\Vert (t- \tau )^{b_{k+1}}\cdot w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}_{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}. \end{aligned}$$

(32)

At first, from (32) we have

$$\begin{aligned} (t-\tau )\frac{d}{dt} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k+1}}\cdot w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2( \frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}_{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})} \leqslant c \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k+1}}\cdot w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}_{L^{2( \frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}, \end{aligned}$$

(33)

and so,

$$\begin{aligned} &(t-\tau )\frac{d}{dt} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k+1}} \cdot w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2( \frac{N}{N-2})^{k}}_{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})} \\ &\quad \leqslant c \frac{N-2}{N} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k+1}}\cdot w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k}}_{L^{2( \frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}. \end{aligned}$$

(34)

Integrating (34) over $[\tau ,t]$ and applying ($B_{k}$), we deduce that

$$\begin{aligned} & (t-\tau )\bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k+1}}\cdot w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2( \frac{N}{N-2})^{k}}_{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})} \\ & \quad\leqslant \biggl(c \frac{N-2}{N}+1\biggr) \int _{\tau }^{T} \bigl\Vert (s-\tau )^{b_{k+1}} \cdot w_{m}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k}}_{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}( \mathcal {O}_{T})}\,ds \\ &\quad\leqslant \biggl(c \frac{N-2}{N}+1\biggr)M_{k} \quad\text{for all } t \in [\tau , T], \end{aligned}$$

which implies that

$$\begin{aligned} & (t-\tau )^{\frac{N}{N-2}} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k+1}}\cdot w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}_{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})} \\ &\quad\leqslant \biggl[\biggl(c \frac{N-2}{N}+1\biggr)M_{k} \biggr]^{\frac{N}{N-2}} \quad\text{for all } t\in [\tau , T]. \end{aligned}$$

(35)

Multiplying both sides of (32) by $(t-\tau )^{1+\frac{N}{N-2}}$, we obtain that

$$\begin{aligned} & (t-\tau )^{1+\frac{N}{N-2}}\frac{d}{dt} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k+1}} \cdot w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}_{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}( \mathcal {O}_{T})} \\ &\qquad{} + c \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert \nabla \bigl\vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k+1}+ \frac{1+\frac{N}{N-2}}{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}}\cdot w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{( \frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}} \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx \\ &\quad\leqslant c_{3} (t-\tau )^{\frac{N}{N-2}} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k+1}} \cdot w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}_{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}( \mathcal {O}_{T})}. \end{aligned}$$

Then, from (35) and the definition of $b_{k+2}$, we obtain that

$$\begin{aligned} &(t-\tau )^{1+\frac{N}{N-2}}\frac{d}{dt} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k+1}} \cdot w_{m}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}_{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}( \mathcal {O}_{T})} \\ & \qquad{}+ c \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert \nabla \bigl\vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k+2}}\cdot w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{( \frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}} \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx \\ &\quad\leqslant c_{3} \biggl[\biggl(c \frac{N-2}{N}+1 \biggr)M_{k} \biggr]^{ \frac{N}{N-2}}\quad \text{for all } t\in [\tau , T]. \end{aligned}$$

Integrating the above inequality over $[\tau ,T]$ and using (35) again, we deduce that

$$\begin{aligned} \int _{\tau }^{T} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert \nabla \bigl\vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k+2}} \cdot w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}} \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx\,dt \leqslant c_{4} \biggl[\biggl(c \frac{N-2}{N}+1\biggr)M_{k} \biggr]^{\frac{N}{N-2}}. \end{aligned}$$

(36)

Combining (36) with the embedding inequality (24), we obtain that

$$\begin{aligned} \int _{\tau }^{T} \biggl( \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k+2}}\cdot w_{m}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2( \frac{N}{N-2})^{k+2}}\,dx \biggr)^{\frac{N-2}{N}}\,dt \leqslant c_{5} \biggl[\biggl(c \frac{N-2}{N}+1 \biggr)M_{k} \biggr]^{\frac{N}{N-2}}. \end{aligned}$$

(37)

Therefore, by setting

$$\begin{aligned} M_{k+1}=(1+c_{5}) \biggl[\biggl(c \frac{N-2}{N}+1 \biggr)M_{k} \biggr]^{ \frac{N}{N-2}}, \end{aligned}$$

(35) and (37) implies that ($A_{k+1}$) and ($B_{k+1}$) hold respectively. □

Next, we start to establish the higher-order integrability near the initial time τ for the variational solution of equation (7). This result shows some decay rate of variational solution in $L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}$-norm near the initial time τ.

Theorem 3.3

Suppose that (1), (2), (4), and (5) hold, $f\in L^{2}_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{R};L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{t}))$, $u_{\tau },v_{\tau }\in L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })$. Then, for any$T\geqslant \tau$, any$k=1,2,\ldots$ , there exists a positive constant$M_{k}=M(T-\tau , k, N, l, |u_{\tau }|_{L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })}, |v_{\tau }|_{L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })})$such that

$$\begin{aligned} (t-\tau )^{\frac{N}{N-2}} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k}}w(t) \bigr\Vert _{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k}}( \mathcal {O}_{T})}^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k}}\leqslant M_{k} \quad\textit{for all } t \in [\tau , T], \end{aligned}$$

where$w(t)=U(t,\tau )u_{\tau }-U(t,\tau )v_{\tau }$and

$$\begin{aligned} &b_{1}=1+\frac{1}{2},\qquad b_{2}=1+ \frac{1}{2}+1\quad \textit{and} \\ & b_{k+1}=b_{k}+\frac{1+\frac{N}{N-2}}{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k+1}}\quad \textit{for }k=2,3,\ldots . \end{aligned}$$

Proof

For any (fixed) $\tau \in \mathbb{R}$ and $T\geqslant \tau$, choose two sequences $(u_{\tau m}, f_{m})$ and $(v_{\tau m}, f_{m})$ satisfying (18), (19).

Then from $Theorem$3.2 ($A_{k}$) we have that, for any $k=1,2,\ldots$ , there exists a positive constant $M_{k}=M(T-\tau , k, N, l, |u_{\tau }|_{L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })}, |v_{\tau }|_{L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })})$ such that

$$\begin{aligned} (t-\tau )^{\frac{N}{N-2}} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k}} \bigl(u_{m}(t)-v_{m}(t) \bigr) \bigr\Vert _{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k}} \leqslant M_{k} \quad\text{for all } t\in [ \tau , T], \end{aligned}$$

(38)

where $u_{m}$ and $v_{m}$ are the unique variational solutions of (3) corresponding to the regular data $(u_{\tau m},f_{m})$ and $(v_{\tau m},f_{m})$ on the interval $[\tau , T]$ respectively.

On the other hand, from [6] Proposition 11, there exist a subsequence $\{u_{mj}\}$ of $\{u_{m}\}$ and $\{v_{mj}\}$ of $\{v_{m}\}$ such that

$$\begin{aligned} u_{m_{j}}(t)\to u(t) \quad\text{and}\quad v_{m_{j}}(t)\to v(t)\quad \text{a.e. on } \mathcal {O}_{T} \text{ as } j\to \infty. \end{aligned}$$

Hence, by applying Fatou’s lemma,

$$\begin{aligned} &(t-\tau )^{\frac{N}{N-2}} \bigl\Vert (t-\tau )^{b_{k}} \bigl(u(t)-v(t) \bigr) \bigr\Vert _{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k}}(\mathcal {O}_{T})}^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k}} \\ &\quad= (t-\tau )^{\frac{N}{N-2}} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}}\liminf_{j\to \infty } \bigl\vert (t- \tau )^{b_{k}} \bigl(u_{m_{j}}(t)-v_{m_{j}}(t) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2 ( \frac{N}{N-2} )^{k}}\,dx \\ &\quad\leqslant \liminf_{j\to \infty }(t-\tau )^{\frac{N}{N-2}} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{T}} \bigl\vert (t- \tau )^{b_{k}} \bigl(u_{m_{j}}(t)-v_{m_{j}}(t) \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2 ( \frac{N}{N-2} )^{k}}\,dx \\ &\quad\leqslant M_{k}(t). \end{aligned}$$

 □

The following result is the continuity of variational solution in $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$ w.r.t. initial data in $L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })$, which is necessary to deduce $(L^{2},L^{2})$ pullback $\mathscr{D}_{\lambda _{1}}$ attractor in the topology $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$.

Theorem 3.4

(Continuity)

Assume that (1), (2), (4), and (5) hold, $f\in L^{2}_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{R};L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{t}))$. For any$\tau \in \mathbb{R}$and any$t>\tau$, if$u_{\tau }, v_{\tau }\in L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })$and$|u_{\tau }-v_{\tau }|_{L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })}\to 0$, then

$$\begin{aligned} U(t,\tau )u_{\tau } \to U(t,\tau )v_{\tau }. \end{aligned}$$

More precisely, the following estimate holds:

$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl\Vert U(t,\tau )u_{\tau } - U(t,\tau )v_{\tau } \bigr\Vert ^{2}_{H_{0}^{1}( \mathcal {O}_{t})} \\ &\quad\leqslant c_{r_{0},t-\tau ,l} \vert u_{\tau }-v_{\tau } \vert ^{2}_{\tau } + c_{r_{0},M_{k_{0}},p,M_{0},t- \tau ,\theta ,l} \vert u_{\tau }-v_{\tau } \vert ^{2\theta }_{\tau }, \end{aligned}$$

(39)

where$\theta \in (0,1)$is the exponent of the interpolation$\|\cdot \|_{L^{2p-2}}\leqslant \|\cdot \|_{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k_{0}}}}^{1- \theta } \|\cdot \|_{L^{2}}^{\theta }$with some$k_{0}\in \mathbb{N}$satisfying$2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k_{0}}>2p-2$, and$r_{0}=(\frac{N}{N-2})\frac{2-2\theta }{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k_{0}}}+(2-2 \theta )b_{k_{0}}$; the constant$M_{0}$depends only on$t-\tau$, $\mathcal {O}_{t}$, $\lambda _{1,t}$, $\int _{\tau }^{t}|f(s)|_{s}^{2}\,ds$, β, $\alpha _{1}$, $|u_{\tau }|_{\tau }$, p, uniform bound of$\{u_{\tau n}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }$in$L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{\tau })$and$M_{k_{0}}$.

Proof

For any fixed $\tau \in (-\infty , T]$, denote

$$\begin{aligned} w_{n}(s):= u_{n}(s)-v_{n}(s),\quad \tau \leqslant t\leqslant T, \end{aligned}$$

where $u_{n}(s), v_{n}(s)$ are the variational solutions of equation (7) corresponding to data $(u_{\tau n}, f_{n})$, $(v_{\tau n}, f_{n})$ satisfying (18). Then the following holds:

$$\begin{aligned} \int _{\tau }^{T} \bigl[- \bigl(w_{n}(s), \phi '(s) \bigr)_{T}+ \bigl( \bigl(w_{n}(s), \phi (s) \bigr) \bigr)_{T}+ \bigl(g\bigl(u_{n}(s)\bigr)-g \bigl(v_{n}(s)\bigr),\phi (s) \bigr)_{T} \bigr]\,ds =0 \end{aligned}$$

(40)

for any $\phi \in \mathcal{U}_{\tau ,T}$.

Noticing $u_{n}\in L^{2}(\tau , T; H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T})) \cap L^{\infty }( \tilde{Q}_{\tau ,T})$, so $\eta |u_{n}|^{\theta }u_{n}\ (\eta \in C_{c}^{1}(\tau ,T), \theta >0)$ can be selected as a test function, hence, for a.e. $s\in (\tau , T)$,

$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl(u'_{n}(s), \bigl\vert u_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{\theta }u_{n}(s) \bigr)_{T}+ \bigl( \bigl(u_{n}(s), \bigl\vert u_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{\theta }u_{n}(s) \bigr) \bigr)_{T} \\ &\quad{}+ \bigl(g\bigl(u_{n}(s)\bigr), \bigl\vert u_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{\theta }u_{n}(s) \bigr)_{T}= \bigl(f_{n}(s), \bigl\vert u_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{ \theta }u_{n}(s) \bigr)_{T}. \end{aligned}$$

By (4) and the standard energy estimate (e.g., see [9]), we have the following a priori estimates:

$$\begin{aligned} \int _{\tau }^{t} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{s}} \bigl\vert u_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2p-2}\,dx\,ds + \int _{\tau }^{t} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{s}} \bigl\vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2p-2}\,dx\,ds \leqslant M, \end{aligned}$$

(41)

where the constant M depends only on $g, T-\tau$, $\mathcal {O}_{t}$, $\int _{\tau }^{T}|f(s)|_{s}^{2}\,ds$, $\alpha _{1}$, β, p, $u_{\tau n}, v_{\tau n}$ and $\lambda _{1,T}$;

$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\vert w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert _{s}^{2}\leqslant e^{2l(s-\tau )} \bigl\vert w_{n}(\tau ) \bigr\vert _{\tau }^{2},\quad \forall t \geqslant \tau ; \end{aligned}$$

(42)

and

$$\begin{aligned} \int _{\tau }^{t} \bigl\vert \nabla w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert _{s}^{2}\,ds\leqslant \frac{1}{2\lambda _{1,T}} \bigl\vert w_{n}(\tau ) \bigr\vert _{\tau }^{2}+ \frac{l}{\lambda _{1,T}} \int _{\tau }^{t} \bigl\vert w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert _{s}^{2}\,ds, \quad\forall t\geqslant \tau , \end{aligned}$$

(43)

recall that $\lambda _{1,T}$ is the first eigenvalue of −Δ on $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{T})$ and the constant l comes from (5).

Noticing $u_{n}\in L^{2}(\tau , T;H^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{t}))$ in Theorem 2.5, let $\phi =-\eta \Delta w_{n}\ (\eta \in C_{c}^{1}(\tau ,T))$ in (40), then

$$\begin{aligned} \int _{\tau }^{T} \bigl[ \bigl(w'_{n}(s), -\Delta w_{n}(s) \bigr)_{T}+ \bigl\vert \Delta w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}_{T}+ \bigl(g \bigl(u_{n}(s)\bigr)-g\bigl(v_{n}(s)\bigr),-\Delta w_{n}(s) \bigr)_{T} \bigr]\eta \,ds =0 \end{aligned}$$

for any $\eta \in C_{c}^{1}(\tau ,T)$. Hence,

$$\begin{aligned} &{-} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{s}}w'_{n}\Delta w_{n}\,dx+ \int _{\mathcal {O}_{s}} \bigl\vert \Delta w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx = \int _{\mathcal {O}_{s}} \bigl(g\bigl(u_{n}(s)\bigr)-g \bigl(v_{n}(s)\bigr) \bigr)\Delta w_{n}(s)\,dx, \\ &{ -} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{s}}w'_{n}\Delta w_{n}\,dx =\frac{1}{2}\frac{d}{dt} \int _{ \mathcal {O}_{s}} \bigl\vert \nabla w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx - \int _{\varGamma _{s}} \bigl\vert \nabla w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}w \cdot n_{s}\,d\sigma , \end{aligned}$$

(44)

where $n_{s}$ is the outside unit normal vector, w is a velocity field. By trace theory and interpolation, for all $\delta \geqslant \frac{1}{2}$ (reference [13]),

$$\begin{aligned} \biggl\vert \int _{\varGamma _{s}} \bigl\vert \nabla w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}w\cdot n_{s}\,d\sigma \biggr\vert \leqslant C_{\delta }\biggl( \int _{\mathcal {O}_{s}} \bigl\vert \Delta w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx\biggr)^{ \delta }\biggl( \int _{\mathcal {O}_{s}} \bigl\vert \nabla w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx\biggr)^{1-\delta }. \end{aligned}$$

(45)

In particular, let $\delta =\frac{1}{2}$ and by Cauchy’s inequality, for all $s\in [\tau ,T]$, we have

$$\begin{aligned} \biggl\vert \int _{\varGamma _{s}} \bigl\vert \nabla w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}w\cdot n_{s}\,d\sigma \biggr\vert \leqslant \frac{1}{4} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{s}} \bigl\vert \Delta w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx+c_{ \frac{1}{2}}^{2} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{s}} \bigl\vert \nabla w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx. \end{aligned}$$

(46)

On the other hand, by using (4) we have that

$$\begin{aligned} & \biggl\vert \int _{\mathcal {O}_{s}} \bigl(g\bigl(u_{n}(s)\bigr)-g \bigl(v_{n}(s)\bigr) \bigr) \Delta w_{n}(s)\,dx \biggr\vert \\ & \quad\leqslant c \int _{\mathcal {O}_{s}}\bigl(1+ \bigl\vert u_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{p-2}+ \bigl\vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{p-2}\bigr) \bigl\vert w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert \bigl\vert \Delta w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert \,dx \\ & \quad\leqslant c \int _{\mathcal {O}_{s}} \bigl\vert w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert \bigl\vert \Delta w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert \,dx +c \int _{ \mathcal {O}_{s}}\bigl( \bigl\vert u_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{p-2}+ \bigl\vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{p-2}\bigr) \bigl\vert w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert \bigl\vert \Delta w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert \,dx \\ &\quad \leqslant \frac{1}{4} \int _{\mathcal {O}_{s}} \bigl\vert \Delta w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dx+c \bigl\vert w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert _{s}^{2} \\ &\qquad{} + c\bigl( \bigl\Vert u_{n}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2p-4}_{L^{2p-2}(\mathcal {O}_{s})}+ \bigl\Vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2p-4}_{L^{2p-2}( \mathcal {O}_{s})} \bigr) \bigl\Vert w_{n}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2}_{L^{2p-2}(\mathcal {O}_{s})}. \end{aligned}$$

(47)

Combining (44)–(47), we obtain that

$$\begin{aligned} \frac{d}{ds} \vert \nabla w_{n} \vert _{s}^{2} \leqslant{}& c \bigl\vert w_{n}(t) \bigr\vert _{s}^{2} + c\bigl( \bigl\Vert u_{n}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2p-4}_{L^{2p-2}(\mathcal {O}_{s})}\\ &{}+ \bigl\Vert v_{n}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2p-4}_{L^{2p-2}( \mathcal {O}_{s})} \bigr) \bigl\Vert w_{n}(t) \bigr\Vert ^{2}_{L^{2p-2}(\mathcal {O}_{s})} \quad\text{a.e. } ( \tau , t). \end{aligned}$$

Since $2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k}\to \infty$ as $k\to \infty$, there is $k_{0}\in \mathbb{N}$ such that

$$\begin{aligned} 2\biggl(\frac{N}{N-2}\biggr)^{k_{0}}>2p-2. \end{aligned}$$

For this $k_{0}$, by interpolation, we have

$$\begin{aligned} \Vert w_{n} \Vert _{L^{2p-2}(\mathcal {O}_{s})}\leqslant \Vert w_{n} \Vert _{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k_{0}}}( \mathcal {O}_{s})}^{1-\theta } \Vert w_{n} \Vert _{L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{s})}^{\theta }, \end{aligned}$$

where $\theta \in (0,1)$ depends only on $p,k_{0}$.

Therefore, we have that

$$\begin{aligned} \frac{d}{ds} \vert \nabla w_{n} \vert _{s}^{2} \leqslant{}& c \vert w_{n} \vert _{s}^{2} + c \bigl( \Vert u_{n} \Vert ^{2p-4}_{L^{2p-2}(\mathcal {O}_{s})}\\ &{}+ \Vert v_{n} \Vert ^{2p-4}_{L^{2p-2}(\mathcal {O}_{s})}\bigr) \Vert w_{n} \Vert _{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k_{0}}}(\mathcal {O}_{s})}^{2-2\theta }\cdot \vert w_{n} \vert ^{2 \theta }_{s}\quad \text{a.e. } (\tau , t). \end{aligned}$$

Denoting $r_{0}= (\frac{N}{N-2})\frac{2-2\theta }{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k_{0}}}+(2-2 \theta )b_{k_{0}}$ and multiplying the above inequality by $(s-\frac{t+\tau }{2})^{r_{0}}$, we obtain that

$$\begin{aligned} &\biggl(s-\frac{t+\tau }{2}\biggr)^{r_{0}}\frac{d}{ds} \vert \nabla w_{n} \vert _{s}^{2} \\ &\quad \leqslant c \biggl(s-\frac{t+\tau }{2}\biggr)^{r_{0}}\bigl( \vert \nabla w_{n} \vert _{s}^{2}+ \vert w_{n} \vert _{s}^{2} \bigr) \\ &\qquad{} + c\bigl( \Vert u_{n} \Vert ^{2p-4}_{L^{2p-2}(\mathcal {O}_{s})}+ \Vert v_{n} \Vert ^{2p-4}_{L^{2p-2}( \mathcal {O}_{s})}\bigr)\\ &\qquad{}\times \bigl((s- \tau )^{\frac{N}{N-2}} \bigl\Vert (s-\tau )^{b_{k_{0}}}w_{n} \bigr\Vert ^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k_{0}}}_{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k_{0}}}(\mathcal {O}_{s})} \bigr)^{\frac{2-2\theta }{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k_{0}}}}\cdot \vert w_{n} \vert _{s}^{2 \theta }, \end{aligned}$$

where $b_{k_{0}}$ is given by (20).

On the other hand, thanks to $Theorem$3.2, we know that there is a constant $M_{k_{0}}$, which depends only on $t-\tau$, N, $k_{0}$, and the $H_{0}^{1}\cap L^{p}$-bounds of $u_{\tau n}, v_{\tau n}$ such that

$$\begin{aligned} \bigl((s-\tau )^{\frac{N}{N-2}} \bigl\Vert (s-\tau )^{b_{k_{0}}}w_{n} \bigr\Vert ^{2( \frac{N}{N-2})^{k_{0}}}_{L^{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k_{0}}}_{(\mathcal {O}_{s})}} \bigr)^{\frac{2-2\theta }{2(\frac{N}{N-2})^{k_{0}}}} \leqslant M_{k_{0}}^{2-2 \theta } \quad\text{for all } n=1,2,\ldots , s\in [\tau , t]. \end{aligned}$$

Therefore, we have the following estimate for any $n=1,2,\ldots$ :

$$\begin{aligned} &\biggl(s-\frac{t+\tau }{2}\biggr)^{r_{0}}\frac{d}{ds} \vert \nabla w_{n} \vert _{s}^{2}\\ &\quad \leqslant c \biggl(s-\frac{t+\tau }{2}\biggr)^{r_{0}}\bigl( \vert \nabla w_{n} \vert _{s}^{2}+ \vert w_{n} \vert _{s}^{2}\bigr) \\ & \qquad{}+ cM_{k_{0}}^{2-2\theta }\bigl( \bigl\Vert u_{n}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2p-4}_{L^{2p-2}(\mathcal {O}_{s})}+ \bigl\Vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2p-4}_{L^{2p-2}(\mathcal {O}_{s})}\bigr) \cdot \bigl\vert w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert _{s}^{2 \theta }, \quad\text{a.e. } s \in \biggl[\frac{\tau +t}{2},t\biggr]. \end{aligned}$$

To ensure that the exponent ${r_{0}}$ is strictly larger than 1, we may multiply both sides by $(s-\frac{t+\tau }{2})$, and then we obtain that

$$\begin{aligned} &\biggl(s-\frac{t+\tau }{2}\biggr)^{1+r_{0}} \frac{d}{ds} \bigl\vert \nabla w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert _{s}^{2} \\ &\quad \leqslant c\biggl(s-\frac{t+\tau }{2} \biggr)^{1+r_{0}}\bigl( \vert \nabla w_{n} \vert _{s}^{2}+ \vert w_{n} \vert _{s}^{2}\bigr) \\ & \qquad{}+ c\biggl(s-\frac{t+\tau }{2}\biggr)M_{k_{0}}^{2-2\theta }\bigl( \bigl\Vert u_{n}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2p-4}_{L^{2p-2}( \mathcal {O}_{s})}+ \bigl\Vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2p-4}_{L^{2p-2}(\mathcal {O}_{s})} \bigr) \cdot \bigl\vert w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert _{s}^{2 \theta }, \\ &\quad \text{a.e. } s\in \biggl[\frac{\tau +t}{2},t\biggr]. \end{aligned}$$

(48)

Integrating the inequality above over $[\frac{\tau +t}{2},t]$ with respect to s, we finally obtain that, for any $n=1,2,\ldots$ ,

$$\begin{aligned} &\biggl(\frac{t-\tau }{2}\biggr)^{1+r_{0}} \bigl\vert \nabla w_{n}(t) \bigr\vert _{t}^{2} \\ &\quad \leqslant (1+r_{0}) \biggl(\frac{t-\tau }{2}\biggr)^{r_{0}} \int _{ \frac{\tau +t}{2}}^{t} \bigl\vert \nabla w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert _{s}^{2}\,ds \\ & \qquad{}+ c\biggl(\frac{t-\tau }{2}\biggr)^{1+r_{0}} \int _{\frac{\tau +t}{2}}^{t}\bigl( \bigl\vert \nabla w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert _{s}^{2}+ \bigl\vert w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert _{s}^{2}\bigr)\,ds \\ &\qquad{} +c\biggl(\frac{t-\tau }{2}\biggr)M_{k_{0}}^{2-2\theta } \int _{ \frac{\tau +t}{2}}^{t} \bigl( \bigl\Vert u_{n}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2p-4}_{L^{2p-2}(\mathcal {O}_{s})}+ \bigl\Vert v_{n}(s) \bigr\Vert ^{2p-4}_{L^{2p-2}(\mathcal {O}_{s})}\bigr) \bigl\vert w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert _{s}^{2\theta }\,ds \\ &\quad :=I_{1}+I_{2}+I_{3}. \end{aligned}$$

(49)

Note that, from (42)–(43), we have that

$$\begin{aligned} I_{1}+I_{2}\leqslant c_{r_{0},t-\tau ,l} \bigl\vert w_{n}(\tau ) \bigr\vert _{\tau }^{2}. \end{aligned}$$

(50)

For the estimate of $I_{3}$, by Hölder’s inequality, we have

$$\begin{aligned} I_{3}\leqslant c\frac{t-\tau }{2}M_{k_{0}}^{2-2\theta }2M_{0}^{ \frac{2p-4}{2p-2}} \biggl( \int _{\frac{\tau +t}{2}}^{t} \bigl\vert w_{n}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2 \theta (p-1)}_{s}\,ds\biggr)^{\frac{2}{2p-2}} \leqslant c_{M_{k_{0}},p,M_{0},t- \tau ,\theta ,l} \bigl\vert w_{n}(\tau ) \bigr\vert ^{2\theta }_{\tau }. \end{aligned}$$

(51)

Combining with (42)–(49), it implies that

$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\vert \nabla w_{n}(t) \bigr\vert _{t}^{2}\leqslant c_{r_{0},t-\tau ,l} \bigl\vert w_{n}(\tau ) \bigr\vert _{ \tau }^{2}+ c_{M_{k_{0}},p,M_{0},t-\tau ,\theta ,l} \bigl\vert w_{n}(\tau ) \bigr\vert ^{2 \theta }_{\tau }. \end{aligned}$$

(52)

From (52) we know $w_{n}$ is bounded in $H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$, so there exists a subsequence $\{w_{nj}\}$ such that

$$\begin{aligned} w_{nj} \rightharpoonup \chi\quad \text{in } H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t}), \text{ as } j \to \infty. \end{aligned}$$

(53)

By [6] Proposition 11 again, it follows

$$\begin{aligned} w_{nj}(t) \to u(t)-v(t) \quad\text{in } L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{t}), \text{ as } j \to \infty , \end{aligned}$$

hence, $\chi =u(t)-v(t)$.

Combining (52), (53), (21), and (19), we deduce that

$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\vert \nabla \bigl(u(t)-v(t)\bigr) \bigr\vert _{t}^{2}& \leqslant \liminf_{j \to \infty } \bigl\vert \nabla w_{nj}(t) \bigr\vert _{t}^{2} \\ &\leqslant c_{r_{0},t-\tau ,l} \vert u_{\tau }-v_{\tau } \vert ^{2}_{\tau } + c_{r_{0},M_{k_{0}},p,M_{0},t- \tau ,\theta ,l} \vert u_{\tau }-v_{\tau } \vert ^{2\theta }_{\tau }. \end{aligned}$$

 □

In [15], the existence of pullback $\mathscr{D}_{\lambda _{1}}$ attractor defined in time varying domains has been considered. Then we can establish the regularity attraction of $(L^{2},L^{2})$ pullback $\mathscr{D}_{\lambda _{1}}$ attractor.

Theorem 3.5

Suppose that$U(t,\tau )$is the process corresponding to a variational solution of (3), $\hat{\mathscr{A}}=\{\mathscr{A}(t): t\in \mathbb{R}\}$is the$(L^{2},L^{2})$pullback$\mathscr{D}_{\lambda _{1}}$attractor associated with$U(t,\tau )$and$f\in L^{2}_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{R},L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{t}))$. Then$\hat{\mathscr{A}}$is pullback$\mathscr{D}_{\lambda _{1}}$attraction in$H_{0}^{1}$.

That is, for any$t\in \mathbb{R}$, any$\hat{{D}}=\{{D}(t): t\in \mathbb{R}\}\in \mathscr{D}_{ \lambda _{1}}$,

$$\begin{aligned} \operatorname{dist}_{H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})}\bigl(U(t,\tau )D(\tau ),\mathscr{A}(t)\bigr)\to 0,\quad \tau \to - \infty. \end{aligned}$$

Proof

For each $t\in \mathbb{R}$, from the definition of the $(L^{2},L^{2})$ pullback $\mathscr{D}_{\lambda _{1}}$ attractor $\mathscr{A}$, we know that $\mathscr{A}(t-1)$ is compact in $L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$.

By $B(t)$ being the 1-neighborhood of $\mathscr{A}(t)$ for each $t\in \mathbb{R}$ under the $L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$ norm, $B(t)$ is bounded in $L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{t})$. By (39), let t be fixed, $\tau =t-1$, and $u_{\tau i}\in B(t-1)$ ($i=1,2$), we have

$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl\Vert U(t,t-1)u_{\tau 1} - U(t,t-1)u_{\tau 2} \bigr\Vert ^{2}_{H_{0}^{1}( \mathcal {O}_{t})} \\ &\quad\leqslant c_{1} \vert u_{\tau 1}-u_{\tau 2} \vert ^{2}_{t-1} + c_{2} \vert u_{\tau 1}-u_{ \tau 2} \vert ^{2\theta }_{t-1}, \end{aligned}$$

where $c_{1}, c_{2}$ are two constants. Now, for this fixed t and for any $\varepsilon >0$, by the definition of the $(L^{2},L^{2})$ pullback $\mathscr{D}_{\lambda _{1}}$ attractor again, for any $\hat{D}=\{D(t):t\in \mathbb{R}\}\in \mathscr{D}_{\lambda _{1}}$, there is a time $\tau _{0}(< t-1)$ which depends only on t, ε, and D̂ such that

$$\begin{aligned} &U(t-1,\tau )D(\tau )\subset B(t-1) \quad\text{for all } \tau \leqslant \tau _{0}, \\ &\operatorname{dist}_{L^{2}(\mathcal {O}_{t})}\bigl(U(t-1,\tau )D(\tau ), \mathscr{A}(t-1) \bigr) \leqslant \varepsilon \quad\text{for all } \tau \leqslant \tau _{0}. \end{aligned}$$

Consequently,

$$\begin{aligned} &\operatorname{dist}_{H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})}\bigl(U(t,\tau )D(\tau ), \mathscr{A}(t)\bigr) \\ &\quad= \operatorname{dist}_{H_{0}^{1}(\mathcal {O}_{t})}\bigl(U(t,t-1)U(t-1,\tau )D(\tau ), U(t,t-1) \mathscr{A}(t-1)\bigr) \\ &\quad\leqslant c_{1} {\varepsilon }^{2}+c_{2}{ \varepsilon }^{2\theta }\quad \text{for all } \tau \leqslant \tau _{0}. \end{aligned}$$

Noticing the arbitrariness of ε and D̂, the conclusion is proved. □